midterm study guide Flashcards
0
Q
in the shen nong ben cao (神农本草) , what three groups are the herbs divided into?
A
superior
intermediate
inferior
1
Q
what two theoretical principles arise from huang di nei jing (黄帝内经）？
A
yin / yang
5 phases
2
Q
what is the primary disease factor in the shang han za ben lun?
A
COLD
3
Q
in the wen bing xue, what is the primary disease factor?
A
HEAT
4
Q
in the wen bing xue, what are the four levels of disease?
A
wei
qi
ying
xue
5
Q
who wrote the shang han lun?
A
Zhang Zhongjing
6
Q
what are the 5 tastes 五味 plus more than just 5 ….
A
acrid sweet bitter sour salty bland aromatic astringent
7
Q
acrid (xin) 辛 … what does it do?
A
disperse and move
8
Q
sweet (gan) (甘） … what does it do?
A
tonify and harmonize
9
Q
bitter (ku) (苦）…what does it do?
A
drain and dry
10
Q
sour (suan) (酸）… what does it do?
A
astringent and prevents abnormal leakage of fluid and energy
11
Q
salty (xian) (鹹) … what does it do?
A
purge and soften
12
Q
bland (dan) (淡) …what does it do?
A
leach out dampness
13
Q
aromatic (xiang) (香）
A
ability to penetrate through turbidity and revive a particular function
14
Q
astringent (se) 涩
A
has the ability to prevent the leakage of fluids
15
Q
is neutral taste or temperature?
A
temperature
16
Q
is bland taste or temperature?
A
taste
17
Q
acrid
A
xin (辛）
18
Q
sweet
A
gan (甘）
19
Q
bitter
A
ku (苦）
20
Q
sour
A
suan 酸
21
Q
salty
A
xian 咸
22
Q
bland
A
dan （淡）
23
Q
aromatic
A
xiang 香
24
astringent
se 涩
25
what is the flavor combination to increase yang?
sweet and acrid
26
what is the flavor combination to increase yin?
sweet and sour
27
sourness enters the?
liver
28
acridity enters the?
lungs
29
bitterness enters the?
heart
30
saltiness enters the?
kidneys
31
sweetness enters the?
spleen
32
what are the 8 parameters (八纲）
八纲
bāgāng
yin and yang (陰陽),
exterior and interior (表裡),
cold and heat (寒熱),
deficiency and excess (虛實)
33
what are the tai yang channels?
hand tai yang: SI
| foot tai yang: UB
34
what are the shao yang channels?
hand shao yang: SJ
| foot shao yang: GB
35
what are the yang ming channels?
hand yang ming: LI
| foot yang ming: ST
36
what are the tai yin channels?
hand tai yin: LU
| foot tai yin: SP
37
what are the shao yin channels?
hand shao yin: HT
| foot shao yin: KD
38
what are the jue yin channels?
hand jue yin: PC
| foot jue yin: LV
39
what are the six yang channels?
SI, UB, SJ, GB, LI, ST
40
what are the six yin channels?
LU, SP, HT, KD, PC, LV
41
what are the three yin channels in the hand?
LU, HT, PC
42
what are the three yin channels in the foot?
SP, KD, LV
43
what are the three yang channels in the hand?
SI, SJ, LI
44
what are the three yang channels in the foot?
UB, GB, ST
45
what are the four levels of composition of formulas?
chief
deputy
assistant
envoy
46
deep frying herbs ... what is it used for and why is salt sometimes used? why char?
char to stop bleeding
add salt to direct downward to kidneys
browning dries the herbs for storing and helps with SP and ST
47
dry frying with liquids .... what's that all about
| honey, vinegar, wine, ginger juice
honey: increased tonifying ability
vinegar: astringent and detox
wine: clear blockages, expel wind, alleviate pain
ginger juice: nice on the stomach, maybe stops vomiting
48
calcining herbs ... what's that all about?
cook directly in flame! used for minerals and shells, in order to make them brittle and easy to pulverize
49
order from strongest to weakest .... pills, granules, decoction
decoction STRONGEST
granules in the middle
pills WEAKEST
50
when do we cook for longer or shorter periods of time?
minerals and toxic herbs cook longer .... light herbs and herbs with volatile oils cook for a shorter amount of time
51
what types of herbs are decocted first?
toxic herbs, minerals and shells
52
what types of herbs are decocted last?
aromatic herbs, dahuang to have a strong purgative effect
53
what herbs need to be bagged in gauze?
cilia , seeds , powder
54
what type of substances are decocted separately ?
rare and expensive substances, like ginseng and cocaine
55
what type of substances are dissolved in a strained decoction?
expensive , aromatic herbs and precious horns .. these are powdered or shaved, taken first, and then you drink the decoction ... this is especially true with unicorn horns and dragon bones, as well as pegasus wing bones
56
what is the difference between pharmokinetic interaction and pharmodynamic reaction?
pharmokinetic interaction can change absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination ...
pharmodynamic reaction alters the way a drug/herb effects the tissue/organ/body
57
herbs that release the exterior are broken down into what 2 categories?
wind cold and wind heat
58
what are the most common EPF treated with release the exterior herbs?
wind
cold
heat
summerheat
59
tai yang is the least superficial of the six channels (T/F)
false!
60
lung is the most superficial zang organ (T/F)
true
61
what is the most superficial channel and the most superficial zang organ?
tai yang
| lung
62
tai yang excess and wind cold excess are the same (T/F)
true
63
tai yang deficiency and wind cold deficiency are the same (T/F)
true
64
wind cold excess ... sweating or no sweating?
no sweating .. thats the big fight
65
wind cold deficiency ... sweating or no sweat?
sweating ... theres no fight, and the gates are open ...
66
wind cold excess and wind cold deficiency ...which one is present when the patient is weak?
wind cold deficiency
67
wind cold excess .. what is the pulse and tongue and sweat situation?
```
floating and tight pulse
normal tongue body, thin and white coat
no sweat (pores are closed)
```
68
in a wind invasion, the pulse should be floating (T/F)
true!
69
what are some signs and symptoms of wind cold excess?
headache
| general ache and body pain
70
a wind cold excess will usually cause intense thirst (T/F)
false ... usually there is no thirst
71
what types of herbs are used for wind cold excess?
strong herbs that open the pores and release the exterior
72
in a wind cold deficiency, what is deficient?
the patient, qi, wei qi, any of these answers are ok
73
in a wind cold deficiency, the patient will have an aversion to what?
wind and cold
74
in a wind cold excess, the patient will have an aversion to what?
cold
75
wind cold deficiency pulse?
floating and moderate/mediocre
76
wind cold deficiency has less or more fever than wind cold excess?
less...there's less of a fight
77
what is yang shui / yang edema?
edema that manifests in the face
78
in yin qiao san, who is the chief and who is the deputy?
jinyinhua and lianqiao are both chiefs
| deputy is bohe plus others ...
79
in da cheng qi tang, who is the chief and who is the deputy?
da huang is chief
mang xiao
zhi shi
hou po
80
what is the category for mahuang (ephedrae herba) and guizhi (cinnamomi ramulus)?
WARE
| warm acrid - release the exterior
81
lian qiao and jin yin hua belong to which category?
clear heat - resolve toxicity
82
sheng di huang and shui niu jiao belong to which category?
clear heat - cool blood
83
xigua, zhimu, and shigao belong to which category?
clear heat - drain fire
84
huo ma ren (cannabis semen) belongs to which category?
downward draining - moist laxative
85
bohe and chaihu belong to which category?
CARE
| cool acrid - release the exterior
86
mahuang and guizhi belong to which category?
WARE
| warm acrid - release the exterior
87
the three yellows (huang bai, huang qin, and huang lian) belong to which category?
clear heat - dry dampness
88
gan sui belongs to which category?
downward draining - harsh expellant
89
qing hao belongs to which category?
clear heat from deficiency
90
da huang belongs to which category?
downward draining - purgative
91
what are some characteristics of wind heat?
excess, more sweat, more thirst, wei level, headache, body ache, red eye
92
wind heat! tell me about the pulse and tongue
floating and rapid pulse
| thin yellow tongue coat
93
wind heat can be treated with acrid cool herbs, like bohe and chaihu .. what channels do many of these herbs enter?
lung and liver
94
tai yang syndrome has chills/fever at the same time (T/F)
true
95
shao yang syndrome has alternating chills / fever (T/F)
true
96
yang ming syndrome is the 4 bigs (T/F)
true
97
herbs that clear heat and drain fire deal with heat in which channel stage / level?
YANGMING / QI
98
fever without chills is a sign of excess heat (T/F)
true
99
full, pounding, rapid pulse is a sign of excess heat (T/F)
true
100
tongue: red body with yellow coat is a sign of excess heat (T/F)
true
101
what is the pulse and tongue for excess heat?
pulse: full, pounding, rapid
tongue: red body with yellow coat
102
what is the 3 more, 1 less rule for xiao ke?
drink more, eat more, urinate more
but lose weight
103
herbs that clear heat and cool the blood deal with heat in which channel stage?
shao yin (HT, KD)
104
herbs that clear heat and cool the blood deal with heat in which two of the four levels?
ying and xue (remember, these two levels are very very close)
105
what is meant by reckless movement of blood?
bleeding, nosebleeds, vomiting blood
106
ying or xue level heat is better at night (T/F)
false. fever is worse at night. this is related to yin deficiency.
107
what are some damp heat signs and symptoms?
jaundice, dysentery, urinary difficulty, damp heat skin disorders (eczema)
108
herbs that treat damp heat tend to be what taste and temperature?
bitter and cold
109
what kind of situations were considered toxic in ancient china?
think pus and measles and other things oozing ...
110
what are some signs / symptoms of deficiency heat?
```
5 center heat
night sweats
fever worse at night
malar flush
steaming bone disorder
```
111
what are the two parts of treatment principle for clearing deficiency heat?
1. nourish liver and kidney yin
| 2. clear deficiency heat
112
what are the three categories of downward draining herbs?
purgative
moist laxative
harsh expellant
113
downward draining herbs contraindications are?
pregnancy
prolapse
menses
