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Parasitology LAB > MIDTERMS: Kato-Katz > Flashcards

MIDTERMS: Kato-Katz Flashcards

1
Q

It was developed in____ by the Japanese physician,______ (1913-2011), together with his adviser,______ (1891-1989)

A

1954

Dr. Katsuya Kato

Dr. Momoshige Miura

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2
Q

The technique was modified for use in field studies in_____ by a Brazilian team of researchers led by the Brazilian Parasitologist,______ (1940)

A

1972

Naftale Katz

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3
Q

Kato-Katz from the names..

A

Katsuya Kato
Naftale Katz

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4
Q

Advantages

A

Kato-Katz technique is used for qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of intestinal helminthic infestations; caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, and especially Schistosoma spp.

Uses larger amount of stool

Qualitative & Quantitative

Mass screening purposes (WHO)

High sensitivity

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5
Q

Disadvantages

A

Can be used for formed stool only

Protozoan cysts and trophozoites can not be seen using this technique

Inter and intra - specimen variation of egg output

Lacks sensitivity for the diagnosis of low intensity infections

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6
Q

In the Kato-Katz technique, feces are pressed through a_____ to remove large particles/debris.

A

mesh screen

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7
Q

A portion of sieved sample is then transferred to the hole of a ______ on a slide.

A

Template

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8
Q

After filling the hole, the template is removed and the remaining sample is covered with a piece of ______ soaked in______.

A

cellophane

glycerol

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9
Q

The_____ clears the fecal material from around the eggs.

The eggs are then counted and the number calculated_____ of feces.

A

glycerol

per gram

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10
Q

Kato-set

A

Template with hole
screen, nylon or plastic
plastic spatula

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11
Q

Cellophane as cover slip, soaked in ______ or ______

A

glycerol-malachite green or glycerol-methylene blue solution.

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12
Q

Pre-analytical

Specimen:

Fresh stools collected within _______ after passage

A

30 minutes to 1 hour

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13
Q

Criteria for rejection:

A

Formed stool greater than 24 hours after passage before processing or preservation

Stool specimen less than a thumb size if formed

Watery stools cannot be used

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14
Q

The screen stainless steel, nylon or plastic should have a hole size of_____

A

60 - 105 um.

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15
Q

50% Glycerol Solution

A

100mL Distilled Water + 100mL Glycerine

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16
Q

3% Malachite Green

A

3% 1mL of MG or MB + 200mL Glycerol Solution

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17
Q

Templates used:

A

9 mm hole 1 mm thickness = 50mg

6 mm hole x 1.5 mm thickness = 41.7mg

6.5 mm hole x 0.5 mm thickness = 20mg

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18
Q

9 mm hole 1 mm thickness = ____

A

50mg

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19
Q

6 mm hole x 1.5 mm thickness =____

A

41.7mg

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20
Q

6.5 mm hole x 0.5 mm thickness =____

A

20mg

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21
Q

Specification of the plastic templates included in the Kato-Katz kits provided by

A

Vestergaard Frandsen

Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)

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22
Q

Analytical - Procedure

  1. Label a glass slide with the sample_____
  2. Place a small amount of the fecal sample on a newspaper and press a piece of_____ on top.
    Using a spatula, scrape the sieved fecal material through the screen so that only the debris remains.
A

number/name

nylon screen

23
Q

Analytical phase

  1. Scrape up some of the sieved feces to fill the hole in the_____, avoiding air bubbles and leveling the feces off to remove any excess.
  2. Carefully lift off the template and place it in a bucket of water mixed with______ so that it can be reused.
A

template

concentrated detergent

24
Q

Analytical phase

  1. Place one piece of the cellophane, which has been soaked overnight in_________ solution, over the fecal sample.
  2. Place a clean slide over the top and press it evenly downwards to spread the feces in a circle. Carefully remove the slide by gently sliding it sideways to avoid separating the cellophane strip. If done well, it should be possible to read newspaper print through the stool smear. Place the slide with the cellophane upwards.
A

methylene blue glycerol

25
Q

Examination & Results

Place the slide under a microscope and examine the whole area in a__________ pattern.

A

systematic zigzag

26
Q

Examination & Results

Record _____ and _____ of each egg of each species on a recording form alongside the sample number.

Finally, multiply the number of eggs by the appropriate number (see inlet-information of the kato-set) to give the number of________- the standard measurement to assess the intensity of infection.

A

type and number

eggs per gram (epg)

27
Q

If hookworm is present in the area the slide should be read within_______

After that time, the hookworm eggs disappear.

A

30-60 minutes.

28
Q

Post-Analytical/Reporting

Uses_____ in proportion to the amount of stool examined.

A

template

29
Q

Post-Analytical/Reporting

Templates = Factor (To be used to compute for EPG)

50 mg =
41.7 mg =
20 mg =

A

20

24 (commonly used)

50

30
Q

(To be used to compute for EPG)

A

Factor

31
Q

Reporting criteria

Formula for epg

A

of ova per species x template factor = # of eggs per gram (EPG) of stool

32
Q

Example: You counted 951 A. lumbricoides ova in the whole Kato-Katz slide using the 20mg template. So it will be…

A

951 x 50 = 47,550 eggs per gram stool.

33
Q

Kato-Katz or Kato Thick-Smear technique for feces

is satisfactory for detecting

A

medium and large helminth eggs in feces

34
Q

Kato-Katz or Kato Thick-Smear technique for feces

not good for

A

small trematode eggs

35
Q

Kato-Katz or Kato Thick-Smear technique for feces

Its chief advantage is that
a _______ of feces can be placed on the slide than the usual direct wet mount.

A

larger quantity

36
Q

may collapse and disappear shortly after clearing, and unless preparations are examined as soon as the fecal film has cleared, _____ infections may be missed.

A

Hookworm eggs

37
Q

This technique is of little value or no value in detecting____ infections.

A

protozoa

38
Q

Hydrophilic cellophane -

_____thick

strips______ or ______ in size

A

40-50 um thick

25 x 30 or 25 x 35 mm

39
Q

Glycerol-malachite green or glycerol-methylene blue solution

______of 3% aqueous malachite green or 3% methylene blue is added to____ of distilled water and mixed well.

A

1 ml

100 ml

40
Q

To speed up clearing and examination, the slide can be placed in a_______ incubator or kept in______ for several minutes.

A

40°C

direct sunlight

41
Q

…will remain visible and recognizable for many months in these preparations.

…clear rapidly and will no longer be visible after 30-60 minutes.

…may be recognizable for up to several months but it is preferable in a schistosomiasis endemic area to examine the slide preparations within 24. hours.

A

Ascaris and Trichuris eggs

Hookworm eggs

Schistosome eggs

42
Q

With high egg counts, to maintain a rigorous approach while reducing reading time, the ____________ with 0.1 mol/liter NaOH may be recommended (Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology, WHO, 1991).

A

Stoll quantitative dilution technique

43
Q

is a clearing solution

A

Glycerine

44
Q

Purpose of malachite green is to

A

give color to the cellophane in order to give a pale green background to the eggs

to minimize the brightness of the microscopic field

45
Q

If malachite green is not available, green ________ may be used.

A

cellophane soaked in glycerine

46
Q

The preparation is best examined within…

A

10 to 20 minutes

47
Q

It is very good in detecting eggs with thick shells…

but not eggs with thin shells…

A

(e.g., Ascaris and Trichuris)

(e.g., hookworm).

48
Q

In many instances, if the preparation is kept too long before examination, ________ become too transparent or distorted, making identification very difficult.

A

hookworm eggs

49
Q

Usefulness is limited if stools are ______.

Likewise, it is not able to detect_____ and _____

A

diarrheic or watery

protozoan cysts and trophozoites

50
Q

…is the main determinant for the sensitivity of this technique, since well-formed stools yield higher egg counts than moist ones.

A

Consistency of the stool

51
Q

For the identification of Schistosoma ova,_________ can be layered over the cellophane paper.

This method can help in the visualization of the_____.

A

1% eosin solution

miracidium

52
Q

Percentage of glycerol sol

A

50%

53
Q

Percentage of malachite green

A

3%

54
Q

Most commonly used factor

A

24

Parasitology LAB (37 decks)

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