INTESTINAL AND GENITAL FLAGELLATES

Question 1

INTESTINAL AND GENITAL FLAGELLATES

Answer 1

Giardia lamblia

Chilomastix mesnili

Trichomonas hominis

Trichomonas vaginalis

Dientamoeba fragilis

Question 2

Trophozoite

shape:
bilaterally symmetrical
pear-shaped
rounded anteriorly and pointed posteriorly

Answer 2

Giardia lamblia

Question 3

Trophozoite

size:
9.5 - 21 micra in length
5- 15 micra in width
2 - 4 micra in thickness

Answer 3

Giardia lamblia

Question 4

Trophozoite

structures:
cytoplasm is grayish violet, fairly granular

occupying the ventral portion is the sucking disc which is a pale stained shallow, slightly notched concavity

the 2 nuclei lying at the anterior portion, one on each side of the midline, are ovoidal in shape with a central darkly stained karyosome

Answer 4

Giardia lamblia

Question 5

Trophozoite

• blue black sausage-shaped slightly curved structure, the para-basal body, is usually seen lying obliquely just
  posterior to the sucking disc posterior axonemes may be seen along the midline of the body of the parasite
• flagella are rarely seen, if present, there are 4 pairs, rarely 5, and they appear as thin, threadlike filaments which are the lateral crossed flagella, lateral uncrossed flagella, central flagella, posterior flagella

Answer 5

Giardia lamblia

Question 6

Cystic Stage

shape: ovoidal, football-shaped

Answer 6

Giardia lamblia

Question 7

Cyst

size:
8 -12 micra in length
7 - 10 micra in width

Answer 7

Giardia lamblia

Question 8

Cyst

definite cystic wall with a clear separation between the wall and the cytoplasm (double-wall appearance)

• the number of nuclei range from 1-4, spherical in shape crossed fibrils arranged in parallel pairs are seen

Answer 8

Giardia lamblia

Question 9

Cyst

cytoplasm is grayish violet, granular
nuclei are spherical with central dark violet karyosome

crossed fibrils are cleep violet in color

Answer 9

Giardia lamblia

Question 10

NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION (NSS) Preparation

cytoplasm is greenish

nuclei are seen as black dots, occasionally as hollow structures crossed fibrils are seen as blackish threads

Answer 10

Giardia lamblia

Question 11

IODINE Preparation

cytoplasm is yellow

nuclei appear as dots, occasionally hollow structures crossed fibrils appear as dark brown threads

Answer 11

Giardia lamblia

Question 12

Trophozoite

shape: asymmetrically pear-shaped

Answer 12

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 13

Trophozoite

size 6 - 20 micra in length, 2-10 micra in width

Answer 13

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 14

Trophozoite

structures:
cytoplasm is grayish violet, one may be able to see food vacuoles

single, spherical nucleus is located medially at the interior portion with a small darkly stained central karyosome

cystosome is rarely visible; if present, it is seen on one side of the nucleus and is rounded anteriorly and posteriorly with a median constriction

the spiral groove which runs obliquely long the veritral surface of the parasite is occasionally seen

the flagella are rarely seen; if present, there are 3 anterior flagella and are seen as fine, threadlike filaments

Answer 14

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 15

Cyst

shape: lemon-shaped with a nipple-like protuberance at the anterior portion

Answer 15

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 16

Cyst

size:
7 - 10 micra in length
4.5 - 6 micra in width

Answer 16

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 17

Cyst

definite cystic wall is observed

cytoplasm is clearly separated from the
cyst wall at the anterior portion

one nucleus is present, occasionally 2

Answer 17

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 18

1 & H preparation
cytoplasm is grayish violet, granular

the cytoplasm is separated from the cyst wall a the anterior portion

• nucleus and cystosome are clearly seen

Answer 18

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 19

Cyst

NSS preparation
- cytoplasm is colorless

nucleus is rarely visible; it seen, it appears as a black dot

Answer 19

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 20

Cyst

lodine preparation

cytoplasm is yellow
the nucleus and cystosorne may be seen

Answer 20

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 21

Trophozoite

Shape: pyriform
size: 5 - 14 micra (average 7 - 8 micra) in length, 7 - 10 micra in width

Answer 21

Trichomonas hominis

Question 22

Trophozoite

structures:
cytoplasm is grayish violet, finely granular

a single, ovoidal nucleus is seen at the anterior end with a central karyosome

the cytoplasm cleft is rarely visible, if seen, it is one side of the anterior end

the undulating membrane, located at the opposite side of the cytosome, is also rarely visible

the posterior end of the axostyle may be seen protruding through the posterior portion of the parasite

rarely seen are the flagella which are 3 - 5 anteriorly and an additional one on the margin of the undulating membrane

6 flagellates in total

Answer 22

Trichomonas hominis

Question 23

Trophozoite

shape: pyriform
size: 7 - 23 micra (average 13 micra) in length

Answer 23

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 24

Trophozoite

cytoplasm is grayish violet, granular; one may see dark-stained siderophil granules

the single ovoidal nucleus is located anteriorly

the cytosome, found at one side of the anterior portion, is less conspicuous

a short undulating membrane at the opposite side of the cytosome is rarely visible

the axostyle may be seen extending posteriorly

the 4 anterior flagella and the fifth flagella found along the margin of the undulating membrane are rarely visible

6 flagella in total

Answer 24

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 25

• Found in the ***oral cavity*** • Measures ***5-14 um long*** • One ***ovoid nucleus*** • With ***five flagella,*** 4 extend anteriorly, one extends posteriorly • Undulating membrane extending ***2/3 of body length***

Answer 25

Trichomonas tenax

Question 26

• Cytoplasm contains a remarkably large amount of siderophil granules • HABITAT: ***vagina and prostate gland*** • Prefers slightly ***alkaline environment*** or somewhat more acid than that of healthy vagina

Answer 26

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 27

Up to 30 um long Ovoid, round, pear-shaped Stiff, rotary, directional One, ovoid All originating anteriorly: 3-5 extending anteriorly one extending posteriorly Undulating membrane extending half of the body length

Answer 27

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 28

• Lives in the cecal region on the colon • Has a well-defined trophozoite and cystic stage 5-25 um long, 5-10 um wide Pear-shaped Stiff, rotary, directional One with small central or eccentric karyosome No peripheral chromatin

Answer 28

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 29

Cyst 5-10 um long Lemon-shaped, with a clear hyaline knob extending from the anterior end One, with large central karyosome No peripheral chromatin Retracted from the cell wall Well-defined cytostome located on one side of the nucleus

Answer 29

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 30

Trophozoite shape: irregular size 3 - 22 micra

Answer 30

Dientamoeba fragilis

Question 31

Trophozoite cytoplasm is granular with vacuoles ***containing bacteria*** nuclei, commonly 2 in number, with karyosome consisting of ***4-8 chromatin granules***

Answer 31

Dientamoeba fragilis

Question 32

Amastigote shape: ovoidal size: 2. - micra in length

Answer 32

Leishmania donovani

Question 33

cytoplasm is blue or violet a single nucleus may be seen as a deeply stained dot in the cytoplasm other structures like parabasal body, blepharoplast and axoneme are not visible

Answer 33

Leishmania donovani

Question 34

Trypomastigote Stage shape: spindle-shaped, characteristic C-shape size: 20 micra in length

Answer 34

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 35

cytoplasm is bluish a red or purple dot which is the kinetoplast may be seen at the posterior end of the parasite the flagellum at the anterior end originates from the kinetoplast following the margin of the undulating membrane and becomes free at the anterior end is rarely visible

Answer 35

Trypanosoma cruzi