Migration

Question 1

migration

Answer 1

moving from one place to another

Question 2

types of migration

Answer 2

immigration, emigration, dispersal, irruptions, nomadic movements/itinerancy, foraging trips

Question 3

3 well known migrations

Answer 3

salmon, grey whales, eel

Question 4

5 major fish migration types

Answer 4

anadromous, catadromous, potamodromous, oceanodromous, vertical

Question 5

example of anadromy

Answer 5

pacific + atlantic salmon + lampreys

Question 6

examples of catadromy

Answer 6

eels

Question 7

pros + cons of arctic char migrating to freshwater

Answer 7

pros: dont undergo energetic migration cost, lower predation, higher reproductive success

con: have to cope with osmotic shifts

Question 8

example of patamodromy

Answer 8

northen pike

Question 9

example of oceandromy

Answer 9

herring + basking sharks

Question 10

4 drivers of migratory behaviour

Answer 10

1. targeting hotspots
2. green wave hypothesis
3. density dependance (move away from comp)
4. constraints of breeding/breeding requirements (diff stages of the life cycle)

Question 11

how ashmoles halo occurs

Answer 11

1. indivs move out to forage so surrounding area becomes heavily foraged
2. leaves ‘halo’ of resource-poor area
3. distance from colony gets further + constraints to being restricted to the site is alleviated prompting migration

Question 12

applied consequences of migratory

Answer 12

diff migrations = diff mortality rates
eg. leatherback risk of entanglement

Question 13

ecological consequences of migration

Answer 13

distribtuion of prey/preds
diff fotness benefits of differing strats influencing diff survivals

1. pred-prey (preds migrate with prey)
2. site fidelity
3. culture (changing languages of sperm whales)
4. evolutionary (create barriers to gene flow)