Reptiles

Question 1

general characteristcs for reptiles

Answer 1

ectothermic, breathe air, lay eggs on land, leathery skin, salt-excreting glands, pisicivorous

Question 2

what is the range of diving capacilites in reptiles

Answer 2

<20mins (saltwater croc) - <10hrs (loggerhead)

Question 3

reproduction in reptiles

Answer 3

mating occurs in water, sperm stored in some sp., soft-shelled eggs, most are oviparous

Question 4

is there parental care in reptiles

Answer 4

no (in turtles), sometimes guarding for a few days (iguana, crocs) + some retain eggs and live birth (Snakes)

Question 5

threats of marine reptiles

Answer 5

direct exploitation (meat + eggs), inrect exploitation (bycatch + tourism), habitat loss, climate change, invasive sp.

Question 6

4 sp of crocs

Answer 6

slender-snouted
mugger
american
salt-water

Question 7

what are the threats for saltwater crocs

Answer 7

(most agressive) so are culled, skin trade (now farmed)

Question 8

marine adaptations for iguanas

Answer 8

algal grazers (only males dive), bask often, salt excreted forming a salt crown

Question 9

diff between sea snake + sea krait

Answer 9

sea snake: ovoviviparous, dorsal nostrils, 54sp

sea krait: oviparous, ventral nostrils,6/8sp.

Question 10

diving behaviour of sea snakes

Answer 10

dive <80m for ~120min (90% recovery ,3mins), use chemical cues to locate prey)

Question 11

characteristics of sea turtles

Answer 11

nest on land, bask in land/shallows, natal philopatry, migratory, largely threatened by fisheries

Question 12

migratory sequence for sea turtles

Answer 12

1. hatch after 55 days incubation
2. head offshore + stay for 3 yrs (“the lost yrs”)
3. recruit to coastal foraging sites
4. mature + migrate to nesting rookery (2-4yrs)
5. Mate
6. F nest + lay (every 10-16days)
7. migrate back to foraging site

Question 13

do turtles migrate

Answer 13

leatherbacks migrate across the atlantic, greens migrate from foraging hotspots to natal nesting sites

Question 14

7 sp. of sea turtle

Answer 14

1. green
2. logger
3. hawksbill
4. leatherback
5. kemps ridley
6. olive ridley
7. flatback

Question 15

characteistics of leatherbacks

Answer 15

diets of jellyfish, <960kg, pelagic totally, largest depth range (thermoregulate to reduce blood flow to extemities)

Question 16

why are leatherbacks threatened

Answer 16

due to diet on jellyfish (similar to plastic bags) + large migraios so highly diverse spatio-temporally

Question 17

olive ridley characteristics

Answer 17

diet of fish + salps (like platics), solitary, arribada nesting

Question 18

threats of turtles

Answer 18

1. bycatch (spend lots of time at surface)
2. egg hunters (40,000F to 2,000 kemp ridleys)
3. Hybriidaion (kemp ridley + logger)
4. hunted for food (greens)
5. hunted for jewlery (hawksbill shell)
6. pollution (olive ridley + leatherback feed on plastic which resemble jellyfish + salps)
7. climate change (hawksbills feed on sponges [found in coral reefs which are being bleaches])

Question 19

charcterostc of green turtles

Answer 19

diet of seagrass + algae,

Question 20

characteristics of hawksbill turtles

Answer 20

hawk-like beak, feeds on sponges, nests acrosd tropics

Question 21

loggerhead turtle characteristics

Answer 21

dietof crustacea + fish, large head, infaunal mining

Question 22

flatback turtle characteristics

Answer 22

highly data defieicnt (due to lack of cohesive data), found in N.Austrialia, diet of jellyfish + inverts, smaller clutches