Misc. Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral Support

A

1) If land is improved by buildings and an adjacent landowner’s excavation causes that improved land to cave in, excavator will only be liable if negligent
2) strict liability only attaches to excavator’s actions if the plaintiff’s improved land would have collapsed from his actions even in its natural state
3) Strict liability = high burden and rarely applied, negligence more common

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2
Q

Riparian Doctrine

A

1) water belongs to those who own the land bordering the watercourse
2) riparian land owners share the right of reasonable use of the water
3) one riparian land owner will be liable if his or her use unreasonably interferes with the others’ use

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3
Q

Prior Appropriation Doctrine

A

1) First in time, first in right
2) water initially belongs to the state, but the right to divert and use it can be acquired by an individual regardless of whether or not he is a riparian owner.
3) Rights are determined by temporal priority of beneficial use, meaning the first to put the water to beneficial use (basically anything) will have the senior right

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4
Q

Groundwater

A

surface owner is entitled to make reasonable use but the use must not be wasteful

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5
Q

Common Enemy Doctrine

A

1) surface water is considered common enemy
2) landowner may change drainage or make any other changes/improvements on his land to combat the flow of surface water
3) many jurisdictions have modified slightly to prohibit unnecessary harm to others’ land

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6
Q

Trespass

A

1) invasion of land by physical object
2) may remove trespasser with and ejectment claim
3) possessor of land has the right to be free of trespass

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7
Q

Private Nuisance

A

1) substantial and unreasonable interference with another’s use and enjoyment of the land
2) Nuisance does not require physical invasion, odors or noise can be enough

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8
Q

Eminent Domain

A

Gov’t 5th amend. power to take private property for public use in exchange for just compensation

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9
Q

Takings

A

1) regulatory: Lucas standard, has to take away all/almost all econ. value in the property partially measured by your reasonable investment backed expectations
2) physical invasion of your land or condemnation without just compensation

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10
Q

Takings remedy

A

1) compensate the owner
2) in regulatory takings: gov’t may terminate the regulation and pay for damages that occurred while regulation in effect

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11
Q

Zoning definition

A

Pursuant to its police powers local and state govt’s may enact statutes to reasonably control land use

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12
Q

Variance

A

In order to get a variance (excuse to not follow zoning), Proponent must show:

1) undue hardship
2) variance won’t decrease the neighboring property values

Variance granted or denied by administrative action (in WA mostly depts of planning not zoning boards) often zoning board

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13
Q

Nonconforming use

A

1) once lawful exsiting use now deemed nonconforming by a zoning ordinance
2) cannot be eliminated all at once because it would be an unconstitutional taking

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14
Q

Unconstitutional Exaction

A

1) exactions are those amenities govt seeks in exchange for granting permission (permit) to build
2) To be constitutional there must be a substantial nexus and rough proportionality between the proposed development impacts and the exaction (Nollan/Dolan Test)

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