Misc.

Question 1

What is and isn’t a part of the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 1

Putamen and globus pallets ARE

Caudate is NOT

Question 2

Which trigeminal nucleus is analogous to the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 2

trigeminal motor nucleus

Question 3

Which trigeminal nucleus is analogous to the dorsal column nuclei of the spinal somatosensory system?

Answer 3

principal sensory nucleus

Question 4

Which trigeminal nucleus is the site of termination of C and A-delta fibers that descend caudally after entering the brainstem and form the descending root of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 4

spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 5

Which trigeminal nucleus is derived from neural crest cells and innervates proprioceptors on the gums and jaw?

Answer 5

mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Question 6

Brachiomotor nuclei

Answer 6

innervate striate muscles derived from brachial mesenchyme (neural crest).

Nucleus Ambiguus, Facial nerve (CN7) and TG motor nucleus (CN5)

Question 7

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 7

Information from the cerebral cortex through the pons to the cerebellum

Pons to cerebellum

Question 8

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 8

Information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum, interconnecting the cerebellum with the vestibular nucleus and inferior olive

Question 9

The crus cerebri (cerebral peduncle) marks the exit point for which cranial nerve?

Answer 9

Oculomotor

ventral border of the midbrain

Question 10

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 10

conveys spinal cord information to the cerebellum and interconnects the cerebellum with the vestibular nuc. and inferior olive

Question 11

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 11

the route by which information from the cerebral cortex gets to the cerebellum via the pontine nuclei

Question 12

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 12

route by which the cerebellum gets information back to the cerebral cortex (via the thalamus)

Axons originate in dentate nucleus and end in contralateral VA/VL

Also axons originating in interposed nucleus and ending at red nucleus

Question 13

Pyramidal tract lesion symptoms

Answer 13

spastic paralysis

Question 14

Spinothalamic tract lesion symptoms

Answer 14

loss of pain and temperature

Question 15

Dorsal column-medial lemniscus lesion symptoms

Answer 15

loss of 2-pt. discrimination, fine touch, and conscious proprioception

Question 16

spinal trigeminal tract & nucleus

Answer 16

Loss of pain and temp for the head

Question 17

Combined deficit of the pyramidal tract and medial lemniscus likely indicates a lesion where?

Answer 17

Medulla

Question 18

A combined spinothalamic and medial lemniscus type deficit likely indicate a lesion where?

Answer 18

Midbrain

Question 19

AS BM

Answer 19

Alar plate= sensory (lateral)

Basal plate= motor (medial)

Question 20

Branchiomotor nuclei

Answer 20

Innervate striate muscles derived from the branchial mesenchyme (of neural crest origin)

trigeminal motor nucleus, the facial (motor) nucleus and the nuc. ambiguus

Question 21

Where does the corticospinal tract decussate?

Answer 21

Base of medulla

Question 22

Where does the DCML decussate?

Answer 22

mid-medulla

Question 23

Where does the AL or spinothalamic tract decussate?

Answer 23

spinal cord

Question 24

Gag reflex

Answer 24

Afferent= IX sensory fibers
Efferent= X nucleus ambiguous

Question 25

Jaw jerk reflex

Answer 25

``` Afferent = mesencephalic nucleus of V (stretch receptors in masseter) Efferent = main motor nucleus of V ```

Question 26

Corneal blink reflex

Answer 26

Cornea is touched by a foreign object, both eyes blink Afferent = spinal nucleus of V Efferent = motor nucleus of VII

Question 27

Pupillary light reflex

Answer 27

``` Afferent= CN II Efferent= EW nucleus (III) ```

Question 28

Facial nerve lesions (UMN signs vs LMN signs)

Answer 28

UMN= top of face is innervated by both sides, so you will only see a deficit on the contralateral lower part of face LMN= By this pt, no dual innervation, so have entire contralateral hemiparalysis of face

Question 29

Lateral lemniscus

Answer 29

Carries bilateral auditory info

Question 30

Pontine nuclei- where do the axons terminate?

Answer 30

Contralateral cerebellum Involved in motor coordination

Question 31

Cerebral peduncle- origin and termination

Answer 31

Origin: various areas of the cortex (including motor cortex) Termination: Contralateral spinal cord, pontine nuclei, montor nuclei in brainstem

Question 32

A lesion in the left MLF will cause what?

Answer 32

When moving eyes towards rt, left eye fails to move medially Left eye will move medially during convergence

Question 33

Medial geniculate nucleus- where do axons originate and what info?

Answer 33

Axons originate in inferior colliculus | Bilateral auditory info

Question 34

Red nucleus- where axons originate?

Answer 34

Axons originate in contralateral cerebellum

Question 35

Deep cerebellar nuclei- what kind of input do they receive

Answer 35

Inhibitory input from purkinje cells | Excitatory input from pons and spinal cord

Question 36

Dentate nucleus input and output

Answer 36

Input from cerebellar cortex Project via superior cerebellar peduncle to cerebellar target nuclei Projects mostly VA/VL nucleus in thalamus

Question 37

Inferior olivary nucleus input and output

Answer 37

Project via the contralateral inferior cerebellar peduncle to cerebellar cortex where they end as climbing fibers

Question 38

Where are ITDs, ILDs, spectral cues, and contralateral sound sources encoded?

Answer 38

ITDs : medial superior olive ILDs: lateral superior olive spectral cues: dorsal cochlear nucleus contralateral sound sources: inferior colliculus.

Question 39

A unilateral lesion confined to the right superior olive

Answer 39

Will affect sound localization

Question 40

If you had your forearm flexed (bent at the elbow joint) with half-maximal tension in your biceps muscle (an arm flexor) and someone unexpectedly pulled your hand and caused a rapid, passive extension of your forearm

Answer 40

During the extension, alpha motor neurons to the biceps muscle would receive increased excitatory synaptic input as a result of increased biceps Ia afferent activity

Question 41

supplementary motor area (SMA)

Answer 41

Electrical stimulation in conscious animals causes complex movements often involving several joints. "Thinking" about performing a movement (for example, mental rehearsal of a task) will cause increased activity within this area in humans (as indicated by blood flow measurements). Some neurons located there send axons directly into the corticospinal tract.

Question 42

What projects to the globus pallidus without synapsing somewhere else first?

Answer 42

Putamen, Subthalamic nucleus, Caudate

Question 43

What don't complex cells in the primary visual cortex care about?

Answer 43

position

Question 44

Hemiballismus

Answer 44

lesion in subthalamic nucleus Loss of excitatory input to the medial (internal) pallidal segment