Misc

Question 1

Answer 1

aberrant ICA

Question 2

Answer 2

aberrant ICA

Question 3

Answer 3

occipital condyle fracture

Question 4

Answer 4

dural AVF

Spinal DAVF will have no flow voids in the cord itself, with have funky serpentine vessels surrounding the cord

Question 5

Answer 5

spinal avm

notice the flow voids in the spiral cord. Spinal DAVF will have no flow voids in the cord itself, with have funky serpentine vessels surrounding the cord

Question 6

Answer 6

vein of galen malformation

Question 7

order of frequency of paragangliomas in the head and neck

Answer 7

carotid > jugulare > tympanicum > vagale

Question 8

what are each of these entities (they are different cases)

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

cav mal in the conus medullaris

chocolate covered popcorn

Question 10

what drugs cause PRES?

Answer 10

immunomodulators (imuran, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, interferon), EPO, cisplatin

Question 11

Answer 11

lymphoepithelial disease; associated with HIV

LEC typically occurs in patients who are HIV positive. The cysts may be unilateral or bilateral and may be associated with diffuse cervical adenopathy. These patients usually present with a nonpainful enlarging neck mass. It may be difficult to differentiate an intraparotid LEC from an enlarging cervical lymph node based on palpation.

Question 12

Answer 12

warthin tumors

Question 13

Answer 13

MS in the spine

• short segment hyperinensity
• Cervical segment is most commonly affected
• Dorsolateral aspect of cord
• < 1/2 of cross-sectional area of spinal cord
• < 2 vertebral segments in length

ependymoma would be CENTRAL

Question 14

Answer 14

left AICA aneurysm

key is the CTA of the head –> think they are showing an aneurysm

Question 15

Answer 15

left AICA aneurysm

Question 16

Answer 16

JNA (also known as juvenile angiofibroma)

involes pterygopalatine fossa

consider preop embolization

Question 17

Answer 17

cholesterol granuloma

The pathogenesis is controversial with two major schools of thought 3,5:

obstruction-vacuum theory: where eustachian tube dysfunction is thought to be the underlying abnormality and causes mucosal edema with repeated episodes of bleeding

exposed marrow theory: where hyperplastic mucosa invades the underlying bone and exposes bone marrow, which in turn bleeds

In either scenario, trapped blood undergoes degeneration and is surrounded by a chronic inflammatory response. There may also be a superimposed infection.

Question 18

Answer 18

disc extrusion. disc obscures L3 root

Question 19

Answer 19

subdural injection

Question 20

how much CSF does an adult produce each day

Answer 20

500 mL/day

*half a liter

Question 21

Answer 21

superior sagittal sinus thrombosis

Question 22

Answer 22

interpeduncular cistern

Question 24

which skull suture closes first?

Answer 24

Metopic suture

Question 25

which is the most common skull suture to close abnormally?

Answer 25

sagittal. kids will have long skinny heads like a boat. no cognitive defects long skull = scaphocephaly (dolichocephaly)

Question 26

earliest signal change in osmotic demyelination

Answer 26

DWI signal

Question 27

treatment of postseptal versus preseptal cellulitis

Answer 27

* postseptal requires hospitalization, IV ABX and, a surgical consultation * preseptal needs ABX

Question 28

most common location of mucoceles

Answer 28

frontal sinus

Question 30

symptoms consist of dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia, abseenceof pain on the ipsilateral side of the face, contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the body and ataxia

Answer 30

wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome) usually due to infarct in PICA or vertebral artery territory

Question 31

wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome) symptoms

Answer 31

* dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia, * absence of pain on the ipsilateral side of the face * contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in the body and ataxia

Question 32

wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome) vascular territory

Answer 32

PICA or vertebral artery

Question 33

brown-sequard syndrome

Answer 33

* spinal cord injury to HALF of the spinal cord * ipsilateral loss of proprioception, touch, and vibration sense below the lesion * ipsilateral upper motor neuron spastic paralysis below the lesion * contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation 2 to 3 levels below the level of the lesion due to damage to the ascending lateral spinothalamic tract which cross 2 to 3 levels above the level of their respective dorsal root * ipsilateral loss of motor and sensory function just at the level of the injured segments due to direct damage to ventral and dorsal grey matter

Question 34

Answer 34

Wallenberg (lateral medullary syndrome)

Question 35

Answer 35

Brown sequard syndrome injury to half of the spinal cord

Question 36

14 yo. Parents love cocaine and marijuana. most likely dx?

Answer 36

rhabdomyosarcoma \*\*most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma with nearly half occuring in the h&n \*\*may be associated with parental cocaine and mrijuana use \*associated with NF-1 and Li-Fraumeni way more common than nasopharyngeal carcinoma in this age group

Question 37

\*\*most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma with nearly half occuring in the h&n \*\*may be associated with parental cocaine and mrijuana use

Answer 37

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

Question 45

Answer 45

Question 46

Answer 46

Question 47

Answer 47

Question 48

Answer 48

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

Answer 50

Question 51

Answer 51

Question 52

Answer 52

Question 53

Answer 53

Question 54

Answer 54

Question 55

Answer 55

Question 56

Answer 56

Question 57

Answer 57

Question 58

Answer 58

Question 59

Answer 59

Question 60

Answer 60

Question 61

Answer 61

Question 62

Answer 62

Question 63

Answer 63

Question 64

Answer 64

Tuberous sclerosis, also known as Bourneville disease There are numerous foci of subcortical T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) prolongation, many of which demonstrate radiating bands to the ventricular margins, consistent with cortical tubers.

Question 65

inheritance pattern of TSC

Answer 65

The majority of cases (approximately 70%) are sporadic, while the remainder are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.

Question 66

Answer 66

deep cerebral venous thrombosis * symmetric increased T2 signal in the deep gray matter (thalamus, putamen, caudate) and periventricular white matter * linear filling defects/foci of susceptibility in deep cerebral veins

Question 67

Answer 67

mega cisterna magna presence of falx cerebelli WITHIN the posterior fossa (yellow arrow) an arachnoid cyst pushes from an extra-axial location so will not have an internal falx cerebelli can be diagnosed when the cisterna magna is \> 10mm in diameter on prenatal US

Question 68

Answer 68

posterior fossa arachnoid cyst

Question 69

Answer 69

Question 70

Answer 70

Question 71

Answer 71

Rassmussen encephalitis

Question 72

Answer 72

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome

Question 73

Answer 73

Hemimegcephaly