Misc Neuro Diseases in Horses

Question 1

This is usually caused from laying in lateral recumbency for too long

Answer 1

Radial nerve paralysis

Question 2

Which nerve is susceptible to damage from pressure of laying in lateral recumbency?

Answer 2

Radial nerve

Question 3

What are clinical signs of radial nerve paralysis?

Answer 3

Dropped elbow and flexed carpus, drags limb, unable to advance limb

Question 4

How do you treat radial nerve paralysis?

Answer 4

Rapid/aggressive nursing care

Question 5

What type of fracture is seen in horses that rear up and flip backward?

Answer 5

Basisphenoid/basioccipital fractures

Question 6

What clinical signs will you see with a basilar fracture?

Answer 6

Unilateral head tilt, drooping ear, muzzle deviation

Question 7

Which cranial nerves can be damaged with a basilar fracture?

Answer 7

CN 7 and 8

Question 8

Common form of traumatic nerve injury in foals

Answer 8

Basilar bone fracture

Question 9

Where do horses get Sarcocystis neurona (EPM)?

Answer 9

Opposum

Question 10

What age range is affected by EPM?

Answer 10

1-6yo

Question 11

Vague asymmetric neuro signs w/muscle atrophy and ataxia

Answer 11

EPM

Question 12

What are the three As of EPM?

Answer 12

Asymmetry, ataxia, atrophy

Question 13

How do you dx EPM?

Answer 13

Serum and CSF immunoblotting (Western blot)

Question 14

How do you treat EPM?

Answer 14

Ponazuril

Question 15

Inflammation of nerve roots

Answer 15

Cauda equina neuritis

Question 16

What type of neuro signs does cauda equine neuritis cause?

Answer 16

LMN signs

Question 17

What treatment options are there for cauda equine neuritis?

Answer 17

None

Question 18

Chewing on tail head, hypotonic anus, fecal retention, hindlimb ataxia are clinical signs of what disease?

Answer 18

Cauda equina neuritis

Question 19

How can you tell if a horse has urinary incontinence?

Answer 19

Urine scalding of thighs

Question 20

What is Wobbler Syndrome?

Answer 20

Cervical vertebral stenotic mylopathy

Question 21

What is the first form of wobbler syndrome?

Answer 21

Cervical vertebral instability

Question 22

Ventroflexion of neck causes spinal cord compression at C3-C4

Answer 22

Cervical vertebral instability

Question 23

What is the second form of wobbler syndrome?

Answer 23

Cervical static stenosis

Question 24

Compression of spinal cord continuous regardless of neck position

Answer 24

Cervical static stenosis

Question 25

What age is usually affected by wobbler syndrome?

Answer 25

Less than 1yo

Question 26

What clinical signs will you see with wobbler syndrome?

Answer 26

Wide based stance and symmetrical hindlimb spasticity, ataxia, and CP deficits

Question 27

Are wobbler syndrome clinical signs symmetric or asymetric?

Answer 27

Symmetric

Question 28

How do you treat wobbler syndrome?

Answer 28

Sx to stabilize cervical vertebrae and decompress spinal cord

Question 29

What can you give a wobbler syndrome case for pain relief short term?

Answer 29

Anti-inflammatories and stall rest

Question 30

Aberrant migration of parasites through that CNS

Answer 30

Verminous myelitis

Question 31

Presents similar to EPM w/muscle atrophy and ataxia but incoordination is present in all 4 limbs

Answer 31

Verminous myelitis

Question 32

What parasites undergo aberrant migration that could cause verminous myelitis?

Answer 32

Strongylus vulgaris, Micronemia deletrix, Draschia megastoma, Setaria

Question 33

How do you treat for strongyles that cause verminous myelitis?

Answer 33

Ivermectin

Question 34

Which breed is predisposed to cerebellar abiotrophy?

Answer 34

Arabians

Question 35

When does cerebellar abiotrophy start to develop?

Answer 35

Around 6mo

Question 36

What is the etiology of cerebellar abiotrophy?

Answer 36

Unknown

Question 37

Which part of the brain is responsible for the coordination and regulation of range, rate, and strength of movement along with balance and posture?

Answer 37

Cerebellum

Question 38

How will mentation be affected by cerebellar abiotrophy?

Answer 38

Normal

Question 39

What are clinical signs of cerebellar abiotrophy?

Answer 39

Ataxia and hypermetria, intention tremors, hyperreflexia

Question 40

How do you treat cerebellar abiotrophy?

Answer 40

No treatment

Question 41

What disease is usually assoc. w/Vit E deficiency?

Answer 41

Equine degeneratie myeloencephalopathy (EDM)

Question 42

What age is typically affected by EDM?

Answer 42

Less than 1yo

Question 43

Symmetrical ataxia (worse in hindlimbs), generalized weakness, CP deficits, and spasticity are all assoc. w/which disease?

Answer 43

EDM

Question 44

How do you dx EDM?

Answer 44

Find lesion in caudal brainstem neuclei and spinal cord on histo

Question 45

What virus causes vasculitis of the CNS?

Answer 45

Equine herpes myeloencephalopathy

Question 46

Usually affects multiple horses at the same time

Answer 46

Equine herpes myeloencephalopathy

Question 47

Dog sitting and intermittent urine dribbling are clinical signs of what disease?

Answer 47

Equine herpes myeloencephalopathy

Question 48

What is the onset of clinical signs assoc. w/equine herpes myeloencephalopathy?

Answer 48

Acute

Question 49

Midline defect of the cerebellum and cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle

Answer 49

Dandy-Walker syndrome

Question 50

Which breeds are predisposed to Dandy-Walker syndrome even though it is still a rare disease in both?

Answer 50

Arabians and Thoroughbreds

Question 51

What is one of the most common neuro diseases observed in horses of various ages and breeds?

Answer 51

EMP

Question 52

What is the causative agent of EPM?

Answer 52

Sarcocystis neurona

Question 53

What is the definitive host of S. neurona?

Answer 53

Opossum

Question 54

What type of hose is the horse for S. neurona?

Answer 54

Aberrant/dead-end host

Question 55

What dx tests can you use for EPM?

Answer 55

Western blot, IFAT, PCR

Question 56

Causes resp dz, abortion, and less commonly neuro disease

Answer 56

EHV-1

Question 57

When EHV-1 does cause neuro disease, what is the pathophys?

Answer 57

Vasculitis in the CNS

Question 58

What is treatment for EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy?

Answer 58

Supportive, steroids, acyclovir

Question 59

What is the px for horses w/EHM?

Answer 59

Variable

Question 60

This disease of young horses is assoc. w/lack of anti-oxidants such and Vit E and selenium in diet

Answer 60

Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy

Question 61

What are causes of viral encephalitis in horses?

Answer 61

WNV, Eastern/Western/Venezuelan encephalitis