Misc Neuro Diseases in Small Animals

Question 1

How do you ddx Listeria from Histophilus (TEME)?

Answer 1

Listeria = mononuclear CSF
TEME = neutrophilic CSF

Question 2

Goats and cattle fed silage are prone to what disease?

Answer 2

Listeria

Question 3

Why does Listeria like spoiled silage?

Answer 3

Microaerophilic and low pH environment

Question 4

Dropped lip, no menace/pallpebral, ptosis, drooling, fever, dysphagia are clinical signs of what disease of cattle and goats?

Answer 4

Listeriosis

Question 5

Which CNs are affected by Listeria?

Answer 5

CN 5/7 (trigeminal/facial)

Question 6

Will Listeria clinical signs be uni- or bilateral?

Answer 6

Unilateral

Question 7

How is a fetus affected by Listeria?

Answer 7

Autolysis (abortion)

Question 8

How do you treat Listeria?

Answer 8

Procaine penicillin

Question 9

What lesions does Listeria cause in the CNS?

Answer 9

Microabscesses in brainstem and CN roots

Question 10

How can you ddx TEME from polioencephalomalacia?

Answer 10

TEME has a high fever

Question 11

What clinical signs of TEME are seen first?

Answer 11

Respiratory

Question 12

How will a head trauma patient’s mentation be affected?

Answer 12

Obtunded

Question 13

What is the treatment goal of a head trauma patient?

Answer 13

Minimize intracranial pressure

Question 14

How do you keep ICP low?

Answer 14

High PaO2

Question 15

How does a high PaCO2 help keep ICP low?

Answer 15

Keeps cerebral blood flow low w/o causing hypoxia

Question 16

What is the Cushing’s reflex?

Answer 16

Bradycardia and hypertension in response to ICP

Question 17

Why does the Cushing’s reflex occur?

Answer 17

Increased ICP = increased BP via vasoconstriction = decreased HR

Question 18

Why should you not intervene to decrease blood pressure in a head trauma patient?

Answer 18

You might eliminate cerebral blood flow and kill the patient

Question 19

Usually causes a hypermetric/exaggerated gait and the patient may have a sway

Answer 19

Cerebellar disease

Question 20

An animal w/hx of progressive tetraparesis, weakly ambulatory, and delayed CP in all 4 feet, and has a megaesophagus on rads has what disease?

Answer 20

Myasthenia gravis

Question 21

What test do you do to dx myasthenia gravis?

Answer 21

Tensilon test

Question 22

What drug is used to perform a tensilon test for myasthenia gravis?

Answer 22

Edrophonium

Question 23

What is coonhound paralysis?

Answer 23

Idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis

Question 24

What disease is assoc. w/raccoon exposure?

Answer 24

Coonhound paralysis/idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis

Question 25

Acutely progressive ascending paralysis in pelvic limbs and progressing to forelimbs

Answer 25

Coonhound paralysis/idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis

Question 26

Diffusely affects all motor nerves

Answer 26

Coonhound paralysis/idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis

Question 27

Embolus of disc material in the spinal vasculature

Answer 27

Fibrocartilagenous embolism (FCE)

Question 28

What is the onset of FCE?

Answer 28

Acute

Question 29

Non-painful myelopathy that still has superficial and deep pain perception and some motor function in the pelvic limbs

Answer 29

FCE

Question 30

How will patellar and gastrocnemius reflexes be affected by FCE?

Answer 30

Hyperreflexive

Question 31

Which spinal segment is a FCE usually localized?

Answer 31

T3-L3

Question 32

What is the prognosis of FCE?

Answer 32

Most get better with nursing care

Question 33

What is a negative px indicators assoc. w/FCE?

Answer 33

Loss of motor neuron signs

Question 34

Which breed is predisposed to canine degenerative myelopathy?

Answer 34

GSD

Question 35

What age of onset does canine degenerative myelopathy present in GSDs?

Answer 35

5-9yo

Question 36

What disease of GSD is often confused with hip dysplasia?

Answer 36

Canine degenerative myelopathy

Question 37

Progressive degenerative spinal cord disease that causes random axonal degeneration

Answer 37

Canine degenerative myelopathy

Question 38

Cervical stenosis/wedging of the vertebral canal, vertebral malalignment, vertebral instability

Answer 38

Cervical spondylopathy

Question 39

Which dog breeds are predisposed to cervical spondylopathy?

Answer 39

Doberman pinschers, great danes

Question 40

Which horse breed is predisposed to cervical spondylopathy?

Answer 40

Thoroughbreds

Question 41

Slowly progressive sporadic ataxia and paresis of all 4 limbs

Answer 41

Cervical spondylopathy

Question 42

What clinical signs will you see with cervical spondylopathy?

Answer 42

UMN signs to all 4 limbs, delayed CP, neck pain w/ventroflexion

Question 43

What type of neck pain is assoc. w/cervical spondylopathy?

Answer 43

Pain w/ventroflexion

Question 44

Which breed is most predisposed to hydrocephalus?

Answer 44

Teacup chihuahua

Question 45

How does bacteria get to the spinal cord to cause discospondylitis?

Answer 45

Hematogenous spread

Question 46

What will you see on rads of a discospondylitis cases?

Answer 46

Vertebral endplate lysis

Question 47

How do you treat discospondylitis?

Answer 47

ID underlying infection, abx, sx if neuro deficits are severe

Question 48

What type of lesion usually occurs after trauma and causes Horner's on the affected sign and dragging of the affected limb?

Answer 48

Brachial plexus avulsion

Question 49

How are CP, motor, and pain in the affected limb altered with a brachial plexus avulsion?

Answer 49

All are absent

Question 50

How do you treat a brachial plexus avulsion?

Answer 50

Leg amputation

Question 51

What is a negative px indicator for a brachial plexus avulsion?

Answer 51

Lack of deep pain/motor function