MISSED CARDIO

Question 1

HOCM can be caused by

Answer 1

mutations in genes encoding cardiac sarcomere proteins: myosin binding protein C, cardiac troponin T, beta myosin heavy chains, light chains, alpha cardiac actin, tropomysoin

Question 2

HOCM is autosomal

Answer 2

dominant

Question 3

systolic ejection murmur maximal along the left sternal border. Intensity increases as left ventricular volume decreases (valsalva, hypovolemia, sitting to standing, tachycardia)

Answer 3

HOCM

Question 4

systolic crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur

Answer 4

aortic stenosis

Question 5

age related calcifcations

Answer 5

Aortic stenosis

Question 6

bicuspid aortic valve is due to turners syndrome, what murmur?

Answer 6

Aortic stenosis

Question 7

what do u see with Aortic stenosis?

Answer 7

syncope, angina, dyspnea (SAD)

Question 8

holosystolic high pitched blowing murmur

Answer 8

mitral + tricuspid regurg

Question 9

apex murmur radiating to axilla

Answer 9

Mitral regurg

Question 10

mitral regurg is associated with what heart sound

Answer 10

S3, and dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 11

degenerative diseases, endocarditis, and ischemic heart disease associated with

Answer 11

Mitral regurg

Question 12

causes of right sided heart failure.. IVDA, marfan, pulm HTN, carcinoid syndrome. What murmur?

Answer 12

tricuspid regurg

Question 13

want to tri some drugs

Answer 13

tricuspid regurg

Question 14

number one cause of murmur with rheumatic fever

Answer 14

mitral regurg

Question 15

late systolic crescendo murmur with mid systolic click

Answer 15

mitral valve prolapse

Question 16

young woman with psych history stem: think what murmur

Answer 16

MVP

Question 17

ehlers danlos, marfans, infective endocarditis, polycystic kidney disease… what murmur?

Answer 17

MVP

Question 18

holosystolic harsh murmur @ left sternal border

Answer 18

VSD

Question 19

high pitched blowing early diastolic decrescendo murmur

Answer 19

aortic regurg

Question 20

water hammer pulse and head bobbing (de lusset sign)

Answer 20

aortic regurg

Question 21

diastolic opening snap followed by delated diastolic rumbling

Answer 21

Mitral stenosis

Question 22

atrial myxoma and bacterial vegetations resemble what murmur?

Answer 22

MIMIC Mitral stenosis

Question 23

continuous machine like murmur, congenital rubella, premature infants

Answer 23

PDA

Question 24

what does a positive homan sign tell you?

Answer 24

pain in the calf when you hit the bottom of the foot, could be DVT!

Question 25

initial DX of DVT

Answer 25

compression ultrasound

Question 26

tension pneumothorax causes what shock?

Answer 26

Obstructive... decreased preload, low CO, hypotension. Systemic vascular resistance and HR increase

Question 27

Obstructive shock is

Answer 27

reduced preload, low CO, hypotension, high system vascular resistance, increased HR

Question 28

If MAP is suddenly increased in autoregulation, the vascular smooth muscle of cerebral aterioles would

Answer 28

contract, which causes cerebral blood flow to decrease back towards normal

Question 29

below the autoregulatory pressure range, arterioles cannot ___

Answer 29

dilate enough (arteriolar collapse) so Cerebral Blood Flow decreases, ischemia occurs

Question 30

above the autoregulatory range, vessels are

Answer 30

forced into dilation and cannot constrict enough and you get edema and increased flow

Question 31

Post MI, early pathology can show what pathology

Answer 31

acute pericarditis

Question 32

Post MI- late, 1 week to several months can show what pathology

Answer 32

Dressler syndrome (immune mediated(

Question 33

sharp pain, worsened by inspiration, coughing and swallowing, eases when sitting up, radiation to back, neck, shoulders

Answer 33

pleuritic chest pain

Question 34

causes of pleuritic chest pain

Answer 34

pericardial effusion, pericarditits, pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infection

Question 35

dull, aching and substernal worsened by activity, radiation to the jaw or left shoulder

Answer 35

cardiac chest pain --> angina (aortic stenosis, stable angina, atrial fibrillation) Or MI

Question 36

hereditary hemochromatosis can result in

Answer 36

restrictive cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 37

decreases fatty acid release, vitamin B3 , see gout, flushing/pruritis, increases HDL (good cholesterol)

Answer 37

niacin

Question 38

shivering is controlled by

Answer 38

posterior hypothalamus alpha motor neurons and gamma motor are activated ----> skeleton muscle contraction and heat production Thyroid hormone --> increase Na/Katpase Brown fat

Question 39

absence of sweating in high body temp

Answer 39

heat stroke

Question 40

concentric hypertophy

Answer 40

aortic stenosis

Question 41

rapid filling of increased volume into a dilated ventricle, cardiomyopathy, CHF, pregnancy, MR

Answer 41

S3

Question 42

atrial contraction into a stiff ventricle, ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 42

S4

Question 43

poorly localized pain relieve with rest or nitroglycin brought on by activity

Answer 43

stable angina

Question 44

plaques can rupture and then usually have super imposed thrombi. If they rupture and almost occlude the whole lumen of the coronary vessel, what pathology does this refer to

Answer 44

unstable angina (negative troponins)

Question 45

NSTEMI shows as

Answer 45

positive troponins