MISSED NEURO/EYE

Question 1

where is serotonin produced?

Answer 1

raphe nucleus

Question 2

sysnthesis of GABA?

Answer 2

nucleus accumbens

Question 3

lack o fGABA is implicated in the cause of

Answer 3

HD

Question 4

what part of the brain plays a role in cognition, motivation, orgasm, and drug addiction?

Answer 4

Ventral tegmentum.

Question 5

Principal site of norepinephrine production?

Answer 5

locus ceruleus

Question 6

what would you see on CSF of MS?

Answer 6

oligoclonal IgG bands

Question 7

when would you see increased opening pressure on lumbar puncure?

Answer 7

Hydrocephalus, Subarachnoid hemorrhage or infection like bacterial meningitis

Question 8

High opening pressure, high protein, low glucose, very high WBC and mostly neutrophils, organisms on gram stain . What meningitis?

Answer 8

Bacterial Meningitis

Question 9

Normal opening pressure, clear appearance, slightly high protein, normal glucose, high WBC, mostly lymphocytes. What meningitis?

Answer 9

Viral Meningitis

Question 10

Normal to increased opening pressure, turbid or viscous appearance, very high protein, low glucose, very high WBC, mostly lymphocytes. Positive Ziehl-Neelsen stain. What meningitis?

Answer 10

Fungal/TB meningitis

Question 11

Elevated Opening pressure, yellow to red blood stained appearance, high protein, normal glucose, normal WBC?

Answer 11

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Question 12

oligoclonal bands, IgG, myelin basic protein

Answer 12

MS

Question 13

myelin forming cells, CNS (brain + spinal cord)

Answer 13

Oligodendrocytes

Question 14

where are oligodendrocytes derived from

Answer 14

neuroectoderm

Question 15

Where is microglia derived from

Answer 15

mesoderm

Question 16

Where are schwann cells derived from?

Answer 16

Neural crest

Question 17

myelin forming cells, PNS

Answer 17

Schwann Cells

Question 18

what glial cells form ROS

Answer 18

Microglia

Question 19

What reflexes are absent in Conus medullaris?

Answer 19

Achilles S1

Question 20

What reflexes are absent in cauda equina?

Answer 20

Patellar (L4) and Achilles (S1)

Question 21

Distribution of cauda equina?

Answer 21

Unilateral

Question 22

Distribution of conus medularis

Answer 22

bilateral

Question 23

transverse myelitis think

Answer 23

conus medullaris

Question 24

lumbar radiculopathy think

Answer 24

cauda equina

Question 25

UMN with conus or cauda?

Answer 25

Conus

Question 26

LMN with conus or Cauda?

Answer 26

LMN

Question 27

hindbrain derived from

Answer 27

rhombencephalon

Question 28

midbrain derived from

Answer 28

mesocephalon

Question 29

forebrain derived from the

Answer 29

prosencephalon

Question 30

Paresis of muscles of mastication, coupled with jaw deviation suggests

Answer 30

trigeminal nerve damage

Question 31

With Brown Sequard Syndrome pain and temp present

Answer 31

contralaterally 1-2 levels below the lesion

Question 32

With brown sequard syndrome, proprioception, vibration, fine touch sensation are

Answer 32

ipsilateral below the lesion or at lesion

Question 33

Sleepwalking waves

Answer 33

delta

Question 34

Night terror waves

Answer 34

Delta

Question 35

Narcolepsy occurs during

Answer 35

REM

Question 36

Awake stage of sleep waves

Answer 36

Beta, NE and Ach active

Question 37

awake, eyes closed waves

Answer 37

alpha

Question 38

light sleep N1 waves

Answer 38

Theta, hypnic jerks

Question 39

45-55% of sleep and bruxism (teeth grinding) occurs here

Answer 39

N2.

Question 40

What waves do you see in N2

Answer 40

Theta + Sleep spindles, K complexes

Question 41

What waves do you see in N3 sleep

Answer 41

Deepest sleep --> Delta waves. Sleep walking occurs here

Question 42

what stage does sleepwalking, night terrors and enuresis occur?

Answer 42

N3

Question 43

REM waves

Answer 43

Beta (like awake)

Question 44

when does dreaming and memory consolidation, atonia and erections occur?

Answer 44

REM.

Question 45

Tx for insomnia; avoid in narcolepsy

Answer 45

Suvorexant

Question 46

Good for night terrors, sleepwalking tx

Answer 46

Benzodiazepines

Question 47

Less hangover, less tolerance, short acting and decreases REM

Answer 47

Zolpidem/Zaleplon

Question 48

Promotes wakefulness, 1st line tx for narcolepsy

Answer 48

Modafinil

Question 49

Neurotransmitter that initiates sleep

Answer 49

Serotonin (raphe nucleus)

Question 50

Promotes dreaming neurotransmitter

Answer 50

acetylcholine

Question 51

decreased in REM

Answer 51

Norepinephrine

Question 52

promotes NREM

Answer 52

GABA

Question 53

Promotes wakefulness but decreased in narcolepsy

Answer 53

Orexin

Question 54

Promotes wakefulness

Answer 54

dopamine

Question 55

what stage does Enuresis occur (bedwetting)

Answer 55

N3

Question 56

Tx for Enuresis

Answer 56

Eneuresis alarm --> detects urine. wakes kid up. Desmopressin (1st line med) Imipramine (2nd Line)

Question 57

LSD receptor

Answer 57

5-HT2A Serotonin

Question 58

PCP receptor

Answer 58

NMDA

Question 59

Cocaine + meth receptors

Answer 59

Alpha and beta adrenergic

Question 60

Heroin receptor

Answer 60

mu opoid

Question 61

Cannabinoids receptor

Answer 61

(marijuana) CB1 + CB2

Question 62

Nicotine receptor

Answer 62

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Question 63

Benzodiazapenes/barb receptors

Answer 63

GABA

Question 64

Arnold chiari malformations have abnormalities at the

Answer 64

spinomedullary junction

Question 65

slow tremor when pointing or extending towards an object

Answer 65

Intention tremor

Question 66

high frequency tremor with a sustained posture. Tremor is worsened with movement and/or anxiety

Answer 66

Essential tremor - tx: nonselective beta blockers, primidone

Question 67

Dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia --> stroke artery?

Answer 67

PICA. Lateral medullary syndrome (wallenburg)

Question 68

ipsilateral face hemiparesis + ipsilateral deafness, what artery for stroke?

Answer 68

AICA --> lateral pontine syndrome

Question 69

Alcohol may improve a. __ tremor

Answer 69

Essential

Question 70

Doesn't have tremor at rest but trying to grab object and get tremor.

Answer 70

Intention tremor --> seen in MS / chronic alcoholism --> can be called cerebellum tremor. Tx benzotropine

Question 71

How to tx essential tremor?

Answer 71

Propranolol + primidone

Question 72

yawning.. drug?

Answer 72

opioids

Question 73

excessively thirsty, drug?

Answer 73

MDMA (ecstasy)

Question 74

Pinpoint pupils shown in, drug?

Answer 74

Opioid intox or stimulant withdrawal

Question 75

Dental carries, drug?

Answer 75

meth mouth

Question 76

bugs crawling on skin

Answer 76

cocaine intox

Question 77

conjuctival injection (red eyes), in what drug?

Answer 77

marijuana, cannibinoids

Question 78

hallucinations, bruxism, euphoria, altered sense of time

Answer 78

MDMA (ectasy)

Question 79

patient is extremely aggressive/violent, what drug did they take?

Answer 79

PCP.

Question 80

what is most associated with PCP?

Answer 80

Rotational torsional nystagmus

Question 81

PCP is an NMDA receptor ___

Answer 81

antagonist

Question 82

is meth a depressant or stimulant

Answer 82

stimulant

Question 83

what drug may cause renal tubular necrosis and rhabdomyolysis

Answer 83

cocaine.

Question 84

hepatitis, abscesses, HIV/AIDS, right sided endocardiditis (roth spots, janeway lesions, splinter hem, osler nodes, valve vegetations) associated with what drug?

Answer 84

Opioids

Question 85

life threatening: agitation, confusion, fever, tachycardia, hallucinations, death from alcohol withdrawal is called ___ and at what time?

Answer 85

delirium tremens and 48-72 hours

Question 86

tremors, anxiety GI upset from alcohol withdrawal occurs

Answer 86

6-12 hours

Question 87

Hallucinations from alcohol withdrawal occurs

Answer 87

12-24 hours

Question 88

Seizures (tonic clonic) from alcohol occurs

Answer 88

24-48 hours

Question 89

how to tx alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 89

Benzos: Long acting diazepam

Question 90

Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome is associated with what vitamin

Answer 90

B1