Mitosis and Cell Cycle

Question 1

What is apoptosis?

Answer 1

Cell death

Question 2

Why is it important to have a balance between cell division and cell death?

Answer 2

We need cell death throughout life to get rid of bad cells (skin cancer, stomach lining)

Question 3

What are the three parts of interphase?

Answer 3

G1, S, G2

Question 4

What are the components of mitosis?

Answer 4

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase, cytokinesis

Question 5

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 5

Cell division and regeneration

Question 6

What percent of cancers are due to a defective P53 gene?

Answer 6

Over 50% of cancers

Question 7

What are cyclins?

Answer 7

Proteins needed for cell cycle

Question 8

What are cycling-dependent kinases (cdks)?

Answer 8

Enzymes

Question 9

What are maturation promoting factors (MPF)? What do they start?

Answer 9

CDK and cyclin bind together, these phosphorylate proteins involved with starting mitosis

Question 10

What combination starts mitosis?

Answer 10

CDK I with cyclin B

Question 11

What are kinetochores? Where are they located? During what part of the cell cycle are they used? What are microtubules?

Answer 11

• Protein targeted by spindle fibers that attach themselves to kinetochores
• Located on centromeres
• used during anaphase
• microtubule is a spindle fiber

Question 12

During what part of the cell cycle is the DNA 2N? 4N?

Answer 12

• Ending of G, beginning of S=2N

* From S to Mitosis=4N

Question 13

What is nondisjunction? What causes it?

Answer 13

• When there is an uneven distribution of chromosomes after it comes out the cell cycle
• caused by a mutation in spindle fiber or defective kinetochore

Question 14

What is a karyotype?

Answer 14

Condensed chromosomes arranged in pairs

Question 15

What three characteristics are used to determine the chromosome?

Answer 15

• Length
• banding patterns
• where centromere is located

Question 16

Why is it important to have a balance between cell division and cell death?

Answer 16

We need cell death throughout life to get rid of bad cells (skin cancer, stomach lining)

Question 17

What are the three parts of interphase?

Answer 17

G1, S, G2

Question 18

What are the components of mitosis?

Answer 18

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase, cytokinesis

Question 19

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 19

Cell division and regeneration

Question 20

What percent of cancers are due to a defective P53 gene?

Answer 20

Over 50% of cancers

Question 21

What are cyclins?

Answer 21

Proteins needed for cell cycle

Question 22

What are cycling-dependent kinases (cdks)?

Answer 22

Enzymes

Question 23

What are maturation promoting factors (MPF)? What do they start?

Answer 23

CDK and cyclin bind together, these phosphorylate proteins involved with starting mitosis

Question 24

What combination starts mitosis?

Answer 24

CDK I with cyclin B

Question 25

What are kinetochores? Where are they located? During what part of the cell cycle are they used? What are microtubules?

Answer 25

* Protein targeted by spindle fibers that attach themselves to kinetochores * Located on centromeres * used during anaphase * microtubule is a spindle fiber

Question 26

During what part of the cell cycle is the DNA 2N? 4N?

Answer 26

* Ending of G, beginning of S=2N | * From S to Mitosis=4N

Question 27

What is nondisjunction? What causes it?

Answer 27

* When there is an uneven distribution of chromosomes after it comes out the cell cycle * caused by a mutation in spindle fiber or defective kinetochore

Question 28

What is a karyotype?

Answer 28

Condensed chromosomes arranged in pairs

Question 29

What three characteristics are used to determine the chromosome?

Answer 29

* Length * banding patterns * where centromere is located