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Vascular II > MOCK Midterm > Flashcards

MOCK Midterm Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What must be known for the US to convert the Doppler frequency shift to a velocity?

A

Doppler angle

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2
Q

Using 60 degrees for your Doppler angle improves (2)

A

Reliability of velocity

Consistency throughout exam and from one exam to the next

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3
Q 
Describe the levels of pulsatility with the vessel:
Subclavian A
ICA
ECA
CCA
Vertebral
A 
Subclavian A: High pulsatility
ICA: Low pulsatility
ECA: Mod pulsatility
CCA: Mod pulsatility
Vertebral: Low pulsatility
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4
Q

SCA waveform

A

High pulsatility, high resistance

Little/no EDV

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5
Q

T/F poor cardiac activity profoundly affects flow in cerebrovascular system

A

True

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6
Q

What parameter is used to assess stenosis in patients with heart condition?

A

Ratio NOT velocities

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7
Q

T/F pressure will decrease following a hemodynamically significant stenosis

A

True

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8
Q

In the event of SSS, what happens? (3)

A

Ipsilateral vertebral flow is reversed
Damped flow distal to stenosis, tardus parvus waveform
Ipsilateral brachial pressure decreased (>20 mmHg)
Contralateral brachial pressure not affected

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9
Q

T/F the RT and LT brachial pressures must differ by 20 mmHg to be considered significant in SSS

What does the waveform look like at 20 mmHg vs. 40 mmHg

A

True

At 20 mmHg vertebral artery waveform is bidirectional

At 40 mmHg VA waveform retrograde flow

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10
Q

The opthalmic artery may be a source of collateral flow in which circumstance?
What direction of flow will be visualized in the OA?
What feeds the opthalmic artery?

A

ICA high grade stenosis/occlusion
Retrograde OA flow
ECA feeds the OA

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11
Q

What parameters are useful in grading a stenosis? (3)

A

PSV
EDV
ICA/CCA Ratio

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12
Q

T/F colour Doppler is not affected by the colour box angle

A

False

Steer box in the same direction as the angle

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13
Q

T/F Internalization of the ECA occurs in the event of ICA occlusion

A

True

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14
Q

A high grade stenosis occurs when the lumen diameter is significantly reduced

A

True

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15
Q

T/F Tardus parvus waveform indicates a hemodynamically significant prox stenosis

A

True

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16
Q

What describes a stroke?

A

Motor/sensory deficit lasting > 24hr

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17
Q

Major cause of vascular disease

A

Atherosclerosis

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18
Q

ICA symptoms include (3)

A

Paralysis on contralateral side
Decreased level of consciousness
Amaurosis fugax

(NOT ataxia)

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19
Q

What neurological symptom is related to atherosclerosis disease in the posterior circulation

A

Vertigo

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20
Q

Continuous wave Doppler can be used in all the following (3)

A

Peri-orbital
Extracranial arteries
Trans cranial arteries

(NOT ocular pneumoplethysmography)

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21
Q

What is the most utilized of the Doppler criteria for estimation of percentage diameter stenosis?

A

PSV

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22
Q

What artifact is encountered with pulsed Doppler in a hemodynamically significant stenosis/

A

Aliasing

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23
Q

Aliasing occurs when _________

How may it be corrected? (5)

A

Frequencies exceed the Nyquist limit (1/2 PRF)

Corrected:
Change probe position
Decrease depth
Increase PRF
Increase Dop angle
Lower frequency
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24
Q

3 advantages of power Doppler

A

Defining occlusive vessels (detection slow flow)
Independent of angle
No aliasing

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25
Tunica media can be described as
Layer of muscle and elastic tissue
26
Variable plaque morphology can be described as
Heterogenous with anechoic areas
27
The cerebrovascular vessels arise from the
Aortic arch
28
Branches of the subclavian artery include (4)
Vertebral Internal thoracic Thyrocervical & costocervical trunk Dorsal scapular
29
ICA spectral analysis description (3)
Rapid increase velocity during systole Clear window Continuous antegrade flow during diastole
30
Term that describes flow in normal carotid artery
Laminar/parabolic
31
First major branch of ICA with clinical significance
Opthalmic artery
32
Maneuver that identifies the Doppler signal is coming from the ECA
Temporal tapping
33
Nonatheromatous causes of turbulent flow in the carotid arteries may include (3)
Increase vessel diameter Kinking of ICA Tortuosity of ICA
34
Which branch of the ICA is in the cervical section of the neck
None (dumb question)
35
The gradual decrease in blood flow due to narrowing does not produce symptoms until it reaches the point of “critical stenosis”. Which diameter reduction constitute a critical stenosis?
70% diameter reduction
36
Distal to a critical stenosis, the spectral analysis depicts what characteristics (3)
PSV decrease EDV decrease Turbulent flow
37
What 2 things describe carotid body tumours?
Rare neoplasm | Paraganglionic tissue
38
The extracranial posterior circulation is composed of
The paired vertebral arteries
39
Doppler waveform characteristics of SSS (2)
Declaration/reversed/alternating flow in ipsilateral VA | Diminished waveform distal to the stenosis or occlusion
40
Vertebrobasilir system provides ___% of blood to the intracranial system
20-30%
41
In trans cranial Doppler, which of the following foes the suboccipital window examine? (2)
Veterbral arteries | Basilir arteries
42
The middle cerebral artery is divided into which of the following segments
M1 & M2
43
Brain stem is supplied by which of the following arteries?
Basilar artery
44
SSS can be detected in which of the intracranial vessels? (2)
Intracranial vertebral | Basilir artery
45
NASCET criteria - a narrowing of 16-49% can be described as (2)
Pansystolic spectral broadening and | PSV <125 cm/s
46
Defining criteria for >80% stenosis is
EDV >140 cm/s
47
Grade the following PSV 140 cm/s EDV 105 cm/s ICA/CCA ratio 3
50-69%
48
Surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous plaque material or blockage in the lining of the artery to reduce risk of stroke is termed carotid endarterectomy
True
49
What condition is characterized by a component of reverse flow called pulsus bisferans (double peak per cardiac cycle)
Aortic regurgitation
50
Externalization of the CCA occurs in
Complete occlusion of the ipsilateral ICA
51
Doppler FU of a stent post-endartectomy (3)
Smooth velocity increase into stent Velocity parameters used to grade carotid stenosis is not valid for post-stent evaluation Velocities tend to be higher due to loss of wall elasticity and increased stiffness
52
Paget-Schrotters syndrome can be classified as a thoracic outlet syndrome
True
53
The mechanical compression of an artery by the skeletomuscular system, tumour or inflammatory mass can cause the patient to have symptoms of
Entrapment syndrome
54
S/s claudication of the buttock area, impotence and decreased pulses in the lower limbs suggests
Leriche syndrome
55
Pseudoaneurysms have a classic Doppler appearance termed “Yin-Yang”
True
56
A sonographic sign of intimacy flap leads to diagnosis of
Dissection
57
Hemodialysis access grafts (3)
Central venous catheter Synthetic AV bridge graft Primary AV fistula
58
What % of hemodialysis patients are not candidates for AV graft?
50%
59
The middle cerebral artery is divided into which of the following segments
M1 & M2
60
Brain stem is supplied by which of the following arteries?
Basilar artery
61
SSS can be detected in which of the intracranial vessels? (2)
Intracranial vertebral | Basilir artery
62
NASCET criteria - a narrowing of 16-49% can be described as (2)
Pansystolic spectral broadening and | PSV <125 cm/s
63
Defining criteria for >80% stenosis is
EDV >140 cm/s
64
Grade the following PSV 140 cm/s EDV 105 cm/s ICA/CCA ratio 3
50-69%
65
Surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous plaque material or blockage in the lining of the artery to reduce risk of stroke is termed carotid endarterectomy
True
66
What condition is characterized by a component of reverse flow called pulsus bisferans (double peak per cardiac cycle)
Aortic regurgitation
67
Externalization of the CCA occurs in
Complete occlusion of the ipsilateral ICA
68
Doppler FU of a stent post-endartectomy (3)
Smooth velocity increase into stent Velocity parameters used to grade carotid stenosis is not valid for post-stent evaluation Velocities tend to be higher due to loss of wall elasticity and increased stiffness
69
Paget-Schrotters syndrome can be classified as a thoracic outlet syndrome
True
70
The mechanical compression of an artery by the skeletomuscular system, tumour or inflammatory mass can cause the patient to have symptoms of
Entrapment syndrome
71
S/s claudication of the buttock area, impotence and decreased pulses in the lower limbs suggests
Leriche syndrome
72
Pseudoaneurysms have a classic Doppler appearance termed “Yin-Yang”
True
73
A sonographic sign of intimacy flap leads to diagnosis of
Dissection
74
Hemodialysis access grafts (3)
Central venous catheter Synthetic AV bridge graft Primary AV fistula
75
What % of hemodialysis patients are not candidates for AV graft?
50%

Vascular II (22 decks)

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