Mod 1-13 Teacher Study guide Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the components of atomic structure?
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Atomic structure is fundamental in understanding elements and isotopes.
What is the significance of isotopes?
Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
This affects their atomic mass and stability.
What are periodic trends in the periodic table?
Group/period trends, metals vs. non-metals, valence electrons and reactivity
These trends help predict element behavior.
How is scientific notation used in chemistry?
To express very large or very small numbers concisely
Important for measurements and calculations.
What distinguishes ionic bonds from covalent bonds?
Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons; covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons
Different properties result from these bonding types.
What are the naming conventions for ionic compounds?
Include Roman numerals for transition metals
This indicates the oxidation state of the metal.
What is a Lewis structure?
A diagram that shows the bonding between atoms and the lone pairs of electrons
Useful for visualizing molecular geometry.
What does VSEPR stand for?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
A theory used to predict molecular geometry.
What is the formula for density?
Density = mass ÷ volume
Density is crucial for understanding flotation and material properties.
What are the types of chemical reactions?
Combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion
Each type has distinct characteristics in reactants and products.
What is a limiting reactant?
The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction
It determines the maximum amount of product formed.
What does ΔH signify in a chemical reaction?
The change in enthalpy during the reaction
Positive ΔH indicates endothermic reactions; negative indicates exothermic.
What is the ideal gas law equation?
PV = nRT
This relates pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas.
What are electrolytes?
Substances that dissociate into ions in solution and conduct electricity
Examples include salts, acids, and bases.
What does the law of mass action state?
The rate of a reaction is proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reacting species
This is important for understanding chemical equilibrium.
What is a buffer?
A solution that resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base
Buffers maintain stable pH in biological systems.
What types of nuclear radiation exist?
Alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ) radiation
Each type has different properties and shielding requirements.
What is the half-life of a radioactive substance?
The time required for half of the radioactive atoms to decay
This is critical for understanding nuclear decay and medical applications.
Fill in the blank: The formula for molarity is _______.
Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution
Molarity is a common unit of concentration in chemistry.
True or False: Strong acids fully dissociate in solution.
True
This is in contrast to weak acids, which only partially dissociate.
What is the molar volume of a gas at STP?
22.4 L
Standard Temperature and Pressure conditions are critical for gas calculations.
