Mod 11-12 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the difference between solute and solvent?
Solvent is in greater quantity; solute is lesser.
Define electrolyte and provide examples of strong and weak electrolytes.
Electrolytes dissociate into ions in water. Examples: *Strong: NaCl, CaBr₂, HCl; Weak: HF, NH₃.
What are the types of solubility?
Unsaturated < solubility; saturated = solubility; supersaturated > solubility.
Fill in the blank: ‘Like _______ like’ refers to the principle that polar solvents dissolve polar/ionic solutes.
[dissolves]
What is the formula for calculating mass percent concentration (m/m)?
m/m % = (g solute / g solution) × 100.
How does temperature affect the solubility of solids and gases?
Solids: solubility ↑ with temp; Gases: solubility ↓ with temp.
What is molarity (M)?
Molarity (M) = mol solute per litre solution.
What does the equation M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ represent?
Dilution keeps moles constant.
Define isotonic solutions.
Isotonic solutions have equal osmotic pressure.
What are colligative properties?
Properties that depend on the number of solute particles, including FP depression and BP elevation.
What happens to red blood cells in hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?
Hypotonic causes hemolysis; hypertonic causes crenation.
What is the significance of Henry’s law?
It relates gas solubility to partial pressure.
Calculate the percent concentration: 15 g Na₂CO₃ + 235 g H₂O.
6.00 % (m/m).
Identify the solute and solvent in air.
O₂ is the solute; N₂ is the solvent.
What is the dissociation of CaCl₂?
CaCl₂ → Ca²⁺ + 2 Cl⁻.
Fill in the blank: Solubility rules state that salts with Group 1A, ______, and ______ are soluble.
[NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻]
What is the formula for calculating volume percent concentration (v/v)?
v/v % = (mL solute / mL solution) × 100.
What is the dissociation of Na₂SO₄ when predicting a net-ionic equation?
Na₂SO₄ + Ba(NO₃)₂ ⇒ Ba²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ → BaSO₄(s).
What is the equivalent of 1 mol Ca²⁺?
1 mol Ca²⁺ supplies 2 Eq of charge.
What is the freezing point depression equation?
ΔTf = i·Kf·m.
True or False: Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in solution.
True.
What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of gases?
Solubility decreases with increasing temperature.
What volume of a 5% (m/v) glucose solution is needed to deliver 85 g every 12 hours?
1700 mL.
What is the relationship between solubility and temperature for solids?
Solubility increases with temperature.
