Mod 3

Question 1

What part of the neck is reviewed in this module?

Answer 1

Pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus, salivary glands, major muscles, cervical lymph nodes and major vessels.

Question 2

What part of the spine is reviewed in this module?

Answer 2

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, and Coccyx.

Question 3

Where is the pharynx located?

Answer 3

It is situated immediately posteriorly to the mouth and nasal cavity.

Question 4

What is the cone shaped passage way leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and the larynx?

Answer 4

The pharynx

*Then the larynx to the trachea

Question 5

What are the functions of the pharynx?

Answer 5

Respiratory and digestive (deglutition) functions

Question 6

What is the length of the pharynx?

Answer 6

12 cm

Question 7

The pharynx extends from what to what? And what connects the pharynx to these areas?

Answer 7

Base of the skull to the esophagus.

Thick fibers of muscle and connective tissue

Question 8

What are the three main divisions of the pharynx?

Answer 8

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

Question 9

The nasopharynx connects to the oropharynx through the ______.

Answer 9

Isthmus

Question 10

Where does the oropharynx begin?

Answer 10

Back of the mouth cavity and continues down to the epiglottis.

Question 11

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 11

Flap of tissue that covers the air passage to the lungs to prevent inhaling food into our esophagus.

Question 12

What does the isthmus connect?

Answer 12

Connects the nasopharynx and the oropharynx.

Question 13

Where does the laryngopharynx begin and extend to?

Answer 13

At the epiglottis to the esophagus.

Question 14

What is the function of the laryngopharynx?

Answer 14

Regulate the passage of air to the lungs and food to the esophagus.

Question 15

What are the Eustachian tubes?

Answer 15

Two small tubes the connect the middle ear to the pharynx. Allows air pressure on the ear drum to be equalized.

Question 16

What are some medical conditions that can affect the pharynx?

Answer 16

Tonsillitis, cancer of the region, paralysis caused by polio, diphtheria, rabies or a nervous system injury such as s stroke

Question 17

Where are the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils found?

Answer 17

Oropharynx

Question 18

What are the pharyngeal tonsils also known as?

Answer 18

Adenoids

Question 19

What are the adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) and where are they located?

Answer 19

Mass of lymphoid tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity in the roof of the nasopharynx where the nose bends to the throat.

Question 20

What is the soft tissue apparatus that plays a role in articulation?

Answer 20

Uvula

Question 21

What type of sound does the uvula help create?

Answer 21

Guttural sound

*not common in English language, but is in Hebrew, Turkish and German.

Question 22

What are they looking to fill during a barium swallow?

Answer 22

Vallecula and pyriform sinus

Question 23

What cartilage is often called the Adams apple?

Answer 23

Thyroid cartilage

Question 24

What is the purpose of the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 24

Protect the vocal folds (cords) located directly behind the adams apple and an attachment to several muscles.

Question 25

Where is the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 25

Inferior to thyroid cartilage. It is thinner and easier to access with a breathing tube. Highly vascularized with small blood vessels.

Question 26

The thyroid gland is an _______ gland which helps in producing different ______ that primarily relate to our ______.

Answer 26

endocrine; hormones; metabolism

Question 27

The trachea is made up of "C" shaped cartilage extending from the ______ ______ to the ______.

Answer 27

cricoid cartilage; carina

Question 28

The Carina bifurcates into the right and left _________.

Answer 28

bronchus.

Question 29

The ______ lies posterior to the thyroid cartilage and is sometimes also called the ______ _____.

Answer 29

larynx; voice box

Question 30

Within the larynx there is the vestibular folds that are also called what?

Answer 30

False vocal cords

Question 31

What is the space between the vocal cords?

Answer 31

Glottis

Question 32

Where are the Aryepiglottic folds located?

Answer 32

lateral margins of the larynx

Question 33

Where are the pyriform sinuses located?

Answer 33

They are cavities located lateral to aryepiglottic folds.

Question 34

List the nine pieces of cartilage located in the larynx.

Answer 34

Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoids (2), corniculates (2), cuneiforms (2).

Question 35

Where is the esophagus located?

Answer 35

Posterior to the trachea.

Question 36

Where does the laryngopharynx divide into the esophagus and the trachea?

Answer 36

At the cricoid cartilage

Question 37

Why is the esophagus sometimes hard to see?

Answer 37

Because it is usually collapsed.

Question 38

List the three pairs of salivary glands.

Answer 38

Parotid, submandibular (submaxillary) and sublingual

Question 39

What do salivary glands do?

Answer 39

Produce and empty saliva into the oral cavity via ducts

Question 40

What does saliva do?

Answer 40

Begins the process of digestion

Question 41

Which gland is the largest of the salivary glands?

Answer 41

Parotid glands

Question 42

The parotid glands are located _______ and _______ to the ear.

Answer 42

anteriorly; inferiorly

Question 43

The parotid gland primarily secretes ______ fluid which contains the digestive enzyme ________.

Answer 43

serous; amylase

Question 44

What does the digestive enzyme amylase do?

Answer 44

Begins digestion of carbohydrates

Question 45

Where does the mumps occur and what is it?

Answer 45

Parotid gland. It is a viral disease that spreads via the saliva and can infect many parts of the body especially the parotid glands.

Question 46

When a person becomes infected with mumps the _____ glands become swollen and painful.

Answer 46

parotid

Question 47

When was the mumps vaccine licensed in the U.S.?

Answer 47

1967

Question 48

How many cases of mumps were there before there was a vaccine?

Answer 48

200,000/ year in the U.S.

Question 49

What demographic of people were typically affected by mumps? Symptoms?

Answer 49

Children ages 5-15(?), very rare in adults. Patient would have fever, headache, loss of appetite, swelling.

Question 50

In rare cases someone with mumps could develop what?

Answer 50

Encephalitis, meningitis, or orchitis (inflammation of testes) which could lead to sterility.

Question 51

What is the name for the parotid duct?

Answer 51

Stensons duct

Question 52

The stensons duct opens into the mouth via the ____ ____.

Answer 52

Parotid papilla

Question 53

The submandibular gland is also known as the ______ gland.

Answer 53

submaxillary

Question 54

Where are the submandibular glands located?

Answer 54

On the floor of the mouth one on each side adjacent to the mandible.

Question 55

What type of cells does the submandibular gland contain?

Answer 55

Serous and mucous cells

Question 56

The submandibular gland extends from the __ _____ to the ______.

Answer 56

1st molar; gonion (angle of mandible)

Question 57

What is the name of the submandibular (submaxillary) duct?

Answer 57

Wharton's duct

Question 58

Where does the Wharton's duct open to?

Answer 58

Under the tongue each side of the frenulum

Question 59

What does the mucous portion of the saliva do (submandibular glands)?

Answer 59

Helps the food be formed into a bolus to aid in swallowing.

Question 60

Which salivary glands are the smallest?

Answer 60

Sublingual glands

Question 61

Which salivary gland has many small ducts?

Answer 61

Sublingual glands

Question 62

Usually contrast is not injected into a ________ duct unlike the other two salivary gland ducts.

Answer 62

sublingual

Question 63

Saliva created by the sublingual gland is emptied into the mouth through ___ to ___ very small ducts near the _______ under the tongue.

Answer 63

8; 20; frenulum

Question 64

What is the name of these small ducts in the sublingual glands?

Answer 64

Ducts of rivinus

Question 65

What type of cells is primarily in the sublingual gland?

Answer 65

Mucous cells | *responsible for helping form the bolus from food.

Question 66

The ducts of Rivinus are associated with _______ duct

Answer 66

Bartholin's

Question 67

List the three neck muscles

Answer 67

Masseter, Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

Question 68

The masseter is a muscle of _______.

Answer 68

mastication (chewing)

Question 69

Who has big masseter muscles?

Answer 69

herbivores

Question 70

What is the sternocleidomastoid muscle referred to as?

Answer 70

The prayer muscle because it helps us bow our head down in prayer.

Question 71

What does the trapezius muscle do?

Answer 71

Support the weight of our arms, retract the scapula and medial rotation of the scapula which is all important when taking a chest x-ray.

Question 72

The neck contains ____ of the body's lymph nodes which is about ___ lymph nodes.

Answer 72

1/3rd; 75

Question 73

The lymphatic system is an accessory to what?

Answer 73

Circulatory system

Question 74

What does low density in areas of enlarged lymph nodes in the neck represent?

Answer 74

Tuberculosis

Question 75

Besides TB, why else would enlarged lymph nodes have a low density appearance?

Answer 75

Necrotic metastatic lesion

Question 76

List neck vessels

Answer 76

Common carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, internal jugular veins, and external jugular veins.

Question 77

What is the most often evaluated vessel?

Answer 77

Internal carotid artery, especially for the carotid siphon.

Question 78

Where does the external carotid artery supply?

Answer 78

The face, inner table of the gal and meninges (covering of the brain)

Question 79

What is the main vessel that feeds the brain?

Answer 79

The internal carotid artery (most often evaluated vessel in cerebral angiography)

Question 80

What is the carotid siphon?

Answer 80

Kinks back and forth as it makes its way to the pituitary gland. *May have an aneurysm.

Question 81

Where does the vertebral artery pass?

Answer 81

Transverse processes of the cervical vertebra.

Question 82

What does the transverse atlantal ligament do?

Answer 82

Divides the anterior and posterior arch of C1 and helps secure the pivotal motion of the odontoid process.

Question 83

The spinal cord begins at the ______ ______ and extends to _______.

Answer 83

medulla oblongata; L1/L2

Question 84

What is the conus medullaris?

Answer 84

Expanded area of the subarachnoid space at level of L1/L2.

Question 85

What is the cauda equina?

Answer 85

Extension of spinal nerves beyond the level of L1/L2

Question 86

What is the filum terminale?

Answer 86

Most inferior portion of the cauda equina

Question 87

Why do we rarely look at the thoracic vertebra with contrast?

Answer 87

It is not common to have a herniated nucleus pulpusa in this area. *However there may be a tumor or metastatic case here

Question 88

Where is the ligamentum flava?

Answer 88

Bilateral between medial laminae, along the spinous processes

Question 89

Where is the ligamentum nuchae?

Answer 89

Along the tips of the spinous processes, occipital bone to C7.

Question 90

Where are the supraspinous ligaments?

Answer 90

Along the tips of the spinous processes C7 to sacrum