Mod 5

Question 1

The abdomen houses many critical structures that are necessary for human life. It’s important we understand how these structures are positioned in the abdominal cavity as well as they’re relationship to one another.

Answer 1

OK!

Question 2

The abodminal cavity is the region between the _________ and the _____ ______.

Answer 2

diaphragm; sacral proimintory

Question 3

There are ____ quadrants of the abdominal/pelvic cavity and ____ distinct regions.

Answer 3

four; nine

Question 4

What is located in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 4

Liver, gall bladder, biliary system, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, stomach, intestines, and vascular structures.

Question 5

What does the RUQ house?

Answer 5

The right lobe of the liver, gall bladder, right kidney, portions of the stomach, and small and large intestines.

Question 6

What does the LUQ house?

Answer 6

Left lobe of liver, stomach, tail of pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and portions of the large intestines.

Question 7

What does the RLQ house?

Answer 7

Cecum, appendix, portions of small intestine, right ureter in female, female - right ovary, and male - right spermatic cord.

Question 8

What does the LLQ house?

Answer 8

Most of small intestine, portions of large intestine, female - left ureter and left ovary and for the male the left spermatic cord.

Question 9

The 9 distinct regions of the abdomen are also called what?

Answer 9

Addison’s planes

Question 10

The walls of the abdominal cavity are lined with by a thin, serous membrane, what is this?

Answer 10

Peritoneum

Question 11

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

Answer 11

Parietal and Visceral

Question 12

What does the parietal membrane line? Visceral membrane?

Answer 12

The parietal membrane covers the abdominal cavity (walls) and the visceral membrane covers the abdominal organs

Question 13

What are the two layers of peritoneum separated by? What is its purpose?

Answer 13

A thin layer of serous fluid that acts as a lubricant and allows the organs to move against one another without friction.

Question 14

The peritoneum forms a cavity that encloses some of the organs except for bare areas; it covers part of the liver, gall bladder, spleen, stomach and in the female the ovaries, and most of the intestines. In the male the peritoneal cavity is completely closed but in the female it communicates with the exterior through the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Question 15

In the _____ the peritoneal cavity is completely closed but in the _____ it communicates with the exterior through the….

Answer 15

male; female; uterine tubes, uterus and vagina.

Question 16

What is the mesentary?

Answer 16

The peritoneum that holds the small intestine in place.

Question 17

What is the mesocolon?

Answer 17

Peritoneum that holds the large intestine in place.

Question 18

What is the falciform?

Answer 18

Peritoneum that holds the liver in place.

Question 19

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 19

Peritoneum in front of the transverse colon and small intestine

Question 20

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 20

The peritoneum that holds the stomach and duodenum in place.

Question 21

What is the retroperitoneal space?

Answer 21

Contains pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, kidneys, ureters and adrenal glands.

Question 22

What is the purpose of folds of the peritoneum that extend between the organs?

Answer 22

To hold the organs in position and at the same time enclose the vessels and nerves

Question 23

Folds or double layers are termed ______, ______and _______ _______.

Answer 23

mesentary, omentum and peritoneal ligaments.

Question 24

The ______ is a double layer peritoneum enclosing the intestines and attaching to the _______ _____.

Answer 24

mesentary; abdominal wall

Question 25

The _______ is a mesentary (double layer peritoneum) that attaches to the stomach.

Answer 25

omentum

Question 26

The greater omentum is usually full of fat which is a folded peritoneum that drapes down from the....

Answer 26

greater curvature of the stomach and connects the stomach with the spleen and transverse colon

Question 27

The lesser omentum attaches the...

Answer 27

duodenum and lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

Question 28

There are many ligaments, the only ligament we will cover is the ______ ligament.

Answer 28

falciform

Question 29

The falciform ligament extends from the

Answer 29

liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm forming a plane that divides the liver into the right and left lobe.

Question 30

What is not in the peritoneum (behind the peritoneum)?

Answer 30

Most of the pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands

Question 31

Describe the Gastrointestinal tract responsibilities.

Answer 31

A complex system responsible for digestion, absorption, and important aspects of metabolism in our body

Question 32

The alimentary tract begins where?

Answer 32

At the mouth.

Question 33

List alimentary tract accessory organs.

Answer 33

* Salivary glands * Gall bladder * Liver * Pancreas

Question 34

What is the lining of the alimentary tract that is the same from the mouth to the anal opening?

Answer 34

Mucosal lining

Question 35

What are the four layers of the mucosal lining?

Answer 35

* Mucosal layer * Submucosal layer * Muscular layer * Serous membrane

Question 36

The mucosa of the esophagus is composed of

Answer 36

tough stratified abrasive resistent epithelium while the mucosa of the rest of the alimentary tract is much more delicate.

Question 37

Mucosa is produced by ________ cells.

Answer 37

epithelial

Question 38

What is below the mucosal layer?

Answer 38

The submucosal layer

Question 39

Where are the blood vessels located (and nervous intervention)?

Answer 39

The submucosal layer

Question 40

What is below the submucosal layer?

Answer 40

Muscular layer

Question 41

What does the muscular layer provide the alimentary tract?

Answer 41

Peristalsis

Question 42

What is the deepest layer of the almentary tract?

Answer 42

Serous membrane

Question 43

How does the mouth contribute to digestion?

Answer 43

* mastication * deglutition (swallowing)

Question 44

How does the pharynx contribute to digestion?

Answer 44

deglutition (swallowing)

Question 45

How does the esophagus contribute to digestion?

Answer 45

* deglutition * peristalsis

Question 46

How does teh stomach contribute to digestion?

Answer 46

* mixing * peristalsis

Question 47

How does the small intestine contribute to digestion?

Answer 47

* churning * peristalsis

Question 48

How does the large intestine contribute to digestion?

Answer 48

* peristalsis * haustal churning * mass peristalsis * defacation

Question 49

How long is the esophagus?

Answer 49

About 10 inches or 25 centimeters

Question 50

The esophagus enters the stomach where?

Answer 50

At the cardiac sphincter

Question 51

What happens to food at the stomach?

Answer 51

The muscle churns and gastric juices turns the food into chyme. \*Stomach has hydrochloric acid and enzymes that help with digestion

Question 52

What is on the inside surface of the stomach?

Answer 52

Rugae - the longitudinal mucosal folds that increase the surface of the stomach and helps with churning

Question 53

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 53

Approximately 20 feet long

Question 54

What are the three portions of the small intestine?

Answer 54

* Duodenum * Jejunum * Ileum

Question 55

What does the large intestine have instead of rugae (stomach and small intestine)?

Answer 55

Haustral folds

Question 56

What does the liver secrete?

Answer 56

Bile

Question 57

Where does the bile empty into? Which causes the liver to be defined as what?

Answer 57

to the dudenum via the common bile duct; exocrine gland \*Largest gland in the body

Question 58

What does bile do?

Answer 58

* Emulcify or break down the fat in our diet * Stimulates the secretion of cholocystic chian

Question 59

What was the falciform ligament in utero?

Answer 59

A blood vessel then turns into a ligament to attach the liver to the diaphragm and abdominal wall.

Question 60

What is the liver covered by (peritoneum)?

Answer 60

Glisson's capsule

Question 61

How many lobes does the liver have? Name them and their locations.

Answer 61

4 * ***large right lobe*** * ***smaller left lobe*** * ***caudate lobe*** - superior between right and left lobe next to hepatic veins above the gall bladder * ***quadrate (fourth) lobe*** - adjacent to gall bladder

Question 62

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 62

A deep fissure in the inferior surface of the liver through which all the neurovascular structures (except hepatic veins) and hepatic ducts enter or leave the liver 1. It contains: right and left hepatic ducts. right and left branches of hepatic artery.

Question 63

What happens if there is an obstruction in the gall bladder or hepatic duct?

Answer 63

Can cause a person to be very ill and may require gall stone removal

Question 64

How much bile does the liver secrete in a day?

Answer 64

About a pint

Question 65

What vitamins does the liver store?

Answer 65

Vitamins A, B12 and D

Question 66

The _____ duct extends from the gall bladder and joins the ______ that extends from the liver and then they form the ________ duct.

Answer 66

cystic; hepatic; common bile

Question 67

What does the common bile duct join with?

Answer 67

The pancreatic duct

Question 68

the pancreatic duct empties into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 68

duodenum

Question 69

What is the most superior portion of the pancreas?

Answer 69

The tail \*Fits up under the spleen

Question 70

Where does the head of the pancreas fit?

Answer 70

Curve of duodenum

Question 71

Pancreas is described as a....

Answer 71

compound tubular acinar gland which means it has branches, it is tubular, it has secreting units, exocrine and endocrine gland

Question 72

What organ is closely related to diabetes?

Answer 72

Pancreas

Question 73

What hormone does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 73

Glucagon \*relaxes the gut, digestive system muscular wall

Question 74

Is the spleen a vital organ?

Answer 74

No

Question 75

The spleen is part of the ________ system.

Answer 75

lymphatic

Question 76

The spleen is \_\_\_\_\_-like and \_\_\_\_-less.

Answer 76

gland like and ductless

Question 77

What is one of the main functions of the spleen?

Answer 77

Store and remove red blood cells as they age.

Question 78

What is part of the urinary system?

Answer 78

Two kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

Question 79

They kidneys lie behind the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 79

Parietal peritoneum

Question 80

Kidneys are about ___ inches long, ___ inches in width and about ____ thick.

Answer 80

4.5; 2-3; 1 inch

Question 81

Which kidney is often times larger than the other.

Answer 81

The left is larger than the right.

Question 82

Where does the linea alba extend from and to?

Answer 82

xiphoid process of the sternum to pubic symphisis of the pubic bone.

Question 83

Where is the quadratus lumborum muscle located?

Answer 83

The posterior side of the abdomen which extends from the iliac crest to the inferior border of the 12th rib