Mod 3 Resp Flashcards by Tori Davey

What are the two divisions of the respiratory system?

Air conducting
Gas exchange

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delivers air
Air in and out
Includes the nose, the amount, the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Respiratory system

Air conducting

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swaps gases between air and blood

Includes the alveoli and capillaries

Gas exchange within the respiratory system

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Notes

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when we retain too much CO2, our pH balance is more____

Acidic

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When we hyperventilate we blow off too much CO2 causing our pH balance to become more____

Alkalotic

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mucus/Cilia-trap harmful substances
Immune cells (alveoli)- fight infection

Respiratory system

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what is is the purpose of the cartilage in the trachea?

To keep the airway open

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how thick is the Aveoli? and what is their function?

One simple, squamous cell thick

Provide area for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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From the larynx up is the ____resp
System.

This includes: larynx, nasal cavity, oral cavity, nasopharynx, oralpharynx

Upper respiratory system

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Vocal cords (voice)

True vocal cords

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Vocal cords (no voice) site of attachment for cartilage

False vocal cords

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What structure tightens during an asthma attack that does not allow air to get into the lungs

Bronchioles

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The structure just before the primary bronchi that splits it into right and left

Carina

R bronci more verticle

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bronchioles branch into___

Alveolar sacs

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simple squamous, one layer thick line the alveolus

Transport 02 into the pulmonary capillaries> then the CO2 goes into the alveolus to get rid of the CO2 by exhaling

type one alveolar cell macrophages

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Produce surfactant to breakdown water molecules within the alveoli

without surfacing the alveoli collapse

Type 2 alveolar cell macrophages

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gas exchange

The Avioli and capillary must be one so thick in order to be thin , quick and efficient

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Hemoglobin has four protein chains and one oxygen

Gas transportation

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Visual

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False

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breathing is passive
The pressure within the lungs is higher than the external

Lung compliance

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higher pressure within the lung that is higher than the interplural pressure.
Surfactant.
Residual volume is what is left over after we exhale.

Three mechanisms to keep the lungs open

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The diaphragm____ during inhalation, allowing more space for lungs to expand. The pressure within the lungs is____ then the atmosphere pressure. This allows air to move from high to low pressure filling the lungs.

Lowers Lower

during exhalation the diaphragm___ pushing it up to force air out. During exhalation, the pressure is _____ in the lungs to push it out

Relaxes Higher

double layer membrane to maintain fluid to avoid friction rub withing lungs

Serous membrane surrounded along with fluid. pleural membrane.

what controls breathing? Monitors breathing rate and rhythm

Medulla oblongata

about 500 ML’s Normal breathing Inhalation /exhalation

when you exercise or run, you increase your oxygen, which is your_____, maximum amount of air that can be inhaled over title volume

inspiratory reserve

diaphragm lowers opening the space in the lungs External intercostal, contract and deep breathing(inhale) Neck muscles contribute with labored breathing

Inspiration, inhaling

diaphragm relaxes into a curved position (pushing up, decreasing the space) Internal intercostal pull ribs down and in

expiration, exhaling

When you use more oxygen you have to blow more co2 off which is your Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled over your title volume

Expiratory reserve volume

The leftover air that remains in the lungs to keep them open after exhalation

Residual volume

amount of air moved in and out in one minute 6L

Minute respiratory volume

The amount of air you can exhale in one second compared to your total amount. Normal 80-100% lower numbers mean lung dysfunction

Pulmonary function test: force expiratory volume FEV1

Role in PH balance

2-3x a year as adult 6-10x a year kids Thins membranes= increase risk for bacterial infection

Infectious rhinitis

Exudate-infx fluid

Rhinosinusitis

can be caused by Trauma

Eppiglotttis

Laryngitis

Blocked sinus

laryngitis Steeple sign

epiglottitis

laryngotracheobronchitis

Acute bronchitis

viral infection that may affect the upper and lower respiratory trac Highly adaptive virus

Flu

Most severe and most common type of flu

Usually causes small outbreaks

Flu c

Less severe type of flu

Flu

when is blue season in the US?

Between October and March

bronchiolitis RSV plus asthma is very bad

can be viral or bacterial

Pneumonia

usually mild can lead to secondary bacterial____

Viral pneumonia

more common than viral Most often streptococcus

bacterial pneumonia

inspired into the lungs Caused by impaired gag, reflux, improper, lower, esophageal, sphincter closure, inappropriate gastric tube placement

Aspiration, pneumonia

confined to a single lobe

lobar pneumonia

most frequent type Patchy throughout several lobes

Bronchopneumonia

occurs in the areas between the Alveoli(the tissues surrounding the alveoli)! Routinely caused by viruses or by uncommon bacteria

interstitial pneumonia or atypical

Develops more than 48 hours after a hospital admission

Nosocomial pneumonia

Acquired outside the hospital or healthcare setting

Community acquired pneumonia

Legionnaires disease

Immunocompromised

Pneumocystic Carinii pneumonia

Pneumonia

True

Typically seen and contained population such as nursing homes and prisons

Primary infection tuberculosis

reactivation of dormant Bacilli Can spread to other organs Symptoms usually develop

Secondary infection tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Caseous necrosis

Tuberculosis

not an allergic reaction. due to smoke infection, cold exposure

Intrinsic asthma

IGE synthesis release inflammation, due to allergens

Extrinsic asthma

Manifestations – wheezing, shortness of breath, dyspnea, chest tightness, cough, and anxiety

Asthma

Ghon complex

life-threatening, prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to usual treatment Can lead to respiratory alkalosis and respiratory failure quickly

Status asthmaticus

Feels like breathing through a straw

Asthma

+ppd

damage to the airway or lung Increase CO2 increase respiratory rate 02 drives the breathing = bad Can lead to right sided heart failure

COPD

Chronic bronchitis

collapsed bronchioles

emphysema

Exhale collapse of bronchioles retain more O2 in the lungs = less O2 to circulate within the pulmonary system

Emphysema

digestive secretions are blocked The duck from the pancreas is blocked Over production of secretions

cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis

Lung cancer

lung cancer small cell carcinoma, 10 to 15%

Lung cancer non-small cell carcinoma 80%

Lung cancer

Cancer that begins with the squamous cell, which are thin, flat cells that look like fish scales.

Squamous cell carcinoma, also called epidermoid carcinoma

Cancer that begins in several types of large cells and look abnormal when viewed under a microscope

Large cell carcinoma

Cancer that begins in the cells that line the alveoli and make substances such as mucus

Adenocarcinoma

False

plural cavity – space between the plural membrane

Plural effusion

Young men that grow really quickly

Pneumothorax

Air enters from an opening in the internal airways

Spontaneous pneumothorax

occurs when a small air blister on the top of the lung ruptures Blisters are caused by a weakness in the lung tissue Usually mild

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax

developing people with pre-existing lung disease Can be more severe and even life-threatening

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

most serious type Occurs when the lung has damaged and air leaks out into the plural space Can cause the affected lung to collapse completely and shift the heart

Tension pneumothorax