Mod6 (NS)

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

cells that conduct nerve impulses; consist of cell body (Soma), dendrites and axons

Question 2

Soma (cell body)

Answer 2

receives messages from dendrites, combines and processes then sends to axons; contains the nucleus, mitochondria, ER, golgi

Question 3

Dendrite

Answer 3

multiple dendrites emerge from soma; these are specialized receiving units that collect messages from neighbouring neurons and sends them to cell body

Question 4

Axons

Answer 4

extends from one side of cell; single axon conducts electrical impulses away from cell body to other neurons, muscles, glands. Branches at ends to form terminals

Question 5

Synapse

Answer 5

site where two neurons or neuron and effector cell communicate

Question 6

Axon Hillock

Answer 6

site where axons join cell body

Question 7

Axon Collaterals

Answer 7

side branches of axon

Question 8

Synaptic End Bulbs

Answer 8

end of synaptic terminal; contain synaptic vesicles (which contains NTs)

Question 9

Neurotransmitters

Answer 9

means of communication btw neurons or neuron-effector; chemical messenger

Question 10

Schwann Cells

Answer 10

type of neuroglia; generate myelin sheath in the PNS; spaced along the axon; wraps around each axon

Question 11

Oligdendrocytes

Answer 11

neuroglia; generate myelin sheath in CNS

Question 12

Myelin Sheath

Answer 12

protective layer of membrane around axon; increases the speed of nerve conduction along axon

Question 13

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 13

gaps between schwann cells that are NOT myelinated

Question 14

Nerve

Answer 14

bundle of 100-1000’s of axons (sometimes dendrites) plus associated connective tissue and blood vessels; these lie OUTSIDE the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

Spinal nerves

Answer 15

ext and enter spinal cord (where spinal cord contains about 100 million neurons

Question 16

ganglia

Answer 16

small masses of nervous tissue consisting of neuron cell bodies; located OUTSIDE the brain and spinal cord

Question 17

Enteric Plexuses

Answer 17

extensive network of neurons located in walls of organs of GI; helps to regulate digestive system

Question 18

Sensory receptors in skin

Answer 18

monitors changes in external/internal environment (touch receptors, photoreceptors, olfactory receptors)

Question 19

Astrocytes

Answer 19

neuroglia, support, protect neurons and help to maintain proper chemical environment for generation of AP

Question 20

Microglia

Answer 20

protect CNS cells from disease; engulf invading microbes, clear debris

Question 21

Membrane potential

Answer 21

difference of electrical charge btw inside and outside of plasma membrane; cell with membrane potential is POLARIZED (negative inside)

Question 22

Synapse

Answer 22

neuron-neuro interaction site

Question 23

Junction

Answer 23

site of interaction btw neuron and non-neuron

Question 24

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 24

at end of synaptic end bulb; separates end bulbs from next neuron

Question 25

Dorsal root ganglion

Answer 25

location of cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 26

Dorsal Root

Answer 26

entrance point for axons of sensory neurons; flows into dorsal horn of gray matter

Question 27

Ventral Horn

Answer 27

location of cell bodies of motor neurons

Question 28

ventral root

Answer 28

part of spinal nerve; exit point of motor axons

Question 29

Reflex

Answer 29

fast, involuntary series of actions that occur in response to a stimulus

Question 30

Somatic reflex

Answer 30

termed somatic reflex is the effector is skeletal muscle (ie. patellar reflex)

Question 31

autonomic (visceral) reflex

Answer 31

termed as this reflex if effector is smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or gland

Question 32

Brainstem

Answer 32

1/4 major regions of brain; continuous with spinal cord, consists of medulla, pons, and midbrain

Question 33

Cerebellum

Answer 33

1/4 major regions of brain; posterior to brainstem

Question 34

Diencephalon

Answer 34

1/4 major regions of brain; above the brainstem; consists of thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

Question 35

Cerebrum

Answer 35

1/4 major regions of the brain; supported on the diencephalon and brainstem; forms bulk of brain; surface composed of thin gray matter (cerebral cortex) beneath this is white matter

Question 36

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Answer 36

collects CSF and blood from brain

Question 37

gyri

Answer 37

folded area in hemisphere of cerebrum

Question 38

sulci

Answer 38

grooves within hemispheres of cerebrum

Question 39

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 39

outer layer of gray matter of cerebrum

Question 40

Basal Ganglia

Answer 40

three pairs of nuclei in cerebrum