Modalities Flashcards
What are the physiological effects of superficial heat?
increased vs decreased
Increased:
CO, metabolic rate, pulse, RR, vasodilation
Decreased:
BP, muscle activity, blood to internal organs, blood flow to resting muscle, SV
What are the indications for superficial heat?
modulate pain increase connective tissue extesnibility reduce inflammation and swelling accelerate rate if tissue healing reduce joint restriction and muscle spasm
What are the contraindications for superficial heat?
acute/subacute trauma and inflammatory conditions decreased circ or sensation DVT impaired cognition tumour
What are the precautions for superficial heat?
cardiac insufficiency edema impaired circ or thermal regulation metal in treatment site pregnancy demyelinated nerves open wounds
What are the physiological effects of cryotherapy?
increased vs decreased
Increased:
blood flow to internal organs, CO, SV, arterial blood pressure
Decreased:
metabolic rate, pulse, RR, venous BP
What are the indications for cryotherapy?
modulate pain reduce inflam and swelling reduce muscle spasm reduce spasticity cryokinetics cryostretch manage symptoms of MS
What are the contraindications to cryotherapy?
cold hypersensitivity cold intolerance PVD impaired sensation Raynaud's disease regenerating peripheral nerves
What is continuous US used for?
thermal effects
chronic conditions
may cause pain - reduce intensity or increase surface area
What is pulsed or low intensity US used for?
acute soft tissue, thin tissue, stasis ulcers
non thermal
What is 3MHz and 1MHz US used for?
3MHz - 1cm; greater heat production in superficial layers
1MHz - 5cm; increased heat production in deep layers
What do you use low vs high intensity US for? (.5-2.5)
low - acute conditions
high - chronic conditions
What are the indications for US?
modulate pain increase connective tissue extensibility accelerate rate of healing wound healing reduce joint restriction reduce muscle spasm
What is thermal US used for? What type of US is thermal?
continuous US is thermal
pain relief for chronic conditions - bursitis, myositis, tendonitis, arthritis
What is phonophoresis? Indications?
US drives meds into deeper tissues
analgesics
anti inflamms
Indications:
pain, decrease inflam to subacute and chronic conditions
What are the indications for spinal traction?
herniated disc DJD spondylosis joint dysfunction hypomobility muscle spasm
What are the parameters for spinal traction?
time
force
duty cycle
time:
disc 3-5 min progressing to 10 min
all else 15-20 min
force:
Cx 7-20% body wt, 20-30 lbs
Lx 25-50% body wt
duty cycle:
disc 60 sec on: 20 off
all else 20-30 on : 10 off
What are the indications for tilt table?
stimulate postural reflexes to counter act orthostatic hypotension
postural drainage
active head/trunk control
stretch flexors
What are the indications for e-stim?
pain modulation decrease muscle spasm impaired ROM muscle re-edu disuse atrophy muscle weakness soft tissue repair, wound healing edema reduction spasticity denervated muscle
What are the contraindications to e-stim?
pacemakers, unstable arrythmias epilepsy or seizure disorder low back preggo transcerebrally transthoracically bleeding or infection metal implants pharyngeal or laryngeal muscles healing bone fractures
Where are electrodes placed for
superficial e-stim?
deeper e-stim?
superficial:
electrodes close
large electrodes
deep:
electrodes further apart
small electrodes
What is iontophoresis?
Parameters?
transports meds through skin via e-stim
continuous pulse
direct current
1-20 min
What is high-voltage pulsed / Galvanic stim direct current?
Parameters?
reduce edema iontophoresis wound healing / debridement fracture healing stim of denervated muscle
parameters for wound healing:
healthy wound - place anode (+) over wound to accelerate infected wound
infected wound - place cathode (-) over wound to retard bacterial growth
What is conventional, high rate TENS used for?
acute or chronic
temporary pain relief
What is acupuncture, strong low rate TENS used for?
chronic
long lasting pain relief
