Other Systems Flashcards

Question

What is gastritis? What is acute and chronic?

Answer 1

inflammation of stomach mucosa acute - severe burns, aspirin, NSAIDS, corticosteroids, food alergies, infections chronic - peptic ulcer, infections, cancer, thyroid disease, Addisons

Answer 2

ulcer lesions in upper GI that are exposed to acid-pepsin secretions symptoms - epigastric pain gnawing, burning, cramps, increase pain with change of position, pain relieved with food or antacids, weakness, dizzy, hemorrhage pain may radiate as back pain, right SH pain stress and anxiety increase pain

Answer 3

symptoms - anorexia, wt loss, abdo bloating, pain, cramps, indigestion, steatorrhea, diarrhea red flags - iron deficiecy anemia vit K deficiency causing easy bruising and bleeding muscle weakness and fatigue due to lack of protein, iron, folic acid, vit B bone loss, pain, fracture due to lack of calcium, vit D, phosphate neuropathy from lack of calcium, vit B and D, magnesium, potassium muscle spasm from electrolyte and lack of calcium peripheral edema

Answer 4

Crohn's - granulomatous inflammation anywhere in GI, skip lesions present UC - ulcerative and exudative inflam of large intestine and rectum, no skip lesions, bloody diarrhea, musus, pus symptoms - abdo pain, frequent diarrhea, fecal urgency, wt loss red flags - joint pain, skin rashes, referred pain to low back, intestinal obstruction and corticosteroid toxicity, malnutrition

Answer 5

increased motility of small and large intestine due to stress and certain foods symptoms - abdo pain relieved by defecation, constipation, bloating, abdo cramps, flatulence, nausea, anorexia, low back pain regular physical activity helps

Answer 6

diverticulosis - herniation of mucosal layer of colon through muscularis layer; minimal symptoms, rectal bleeding diverticulitis - inflammation of one or more herias; pain, cramping in lower left quadrant, nausea, vomit, fever, elevated WBCs, back pain regular exs helps

Answer 7

inflammation of vermiform appendix symptoms - abrupt loacalised pain, increases intensity, rebound tenderness, McBurney's point, lower right quadrant pain red flag - WBC >20,000, need surgery

Answer 8

inflammation of peritoneum, serous membrane of lining walls of abdo cavity symptoms - abdo distension, pain, rebound tenderness, decreased bowel sounds, nausuea, vomit, tachycardia

Answer 9

varicosities in lower rectum or anus symptoms - local irritation, pain, rectal bleeding and itching

Answer 10

pregnancy induced, acute hypertension after 24th week symptoms - hypertension, edema, sudden excessive wt gain, HA, visual disturbances, hyperreflexia immediate physician referral

Answer 11

TENS for pain, electrodes parallel to incision prevent pulmonary complications gentle abdo exs with pillow over incision kegals precautions lifint 4-6 weeks ambulation friction massage

Answer 12

ectopic growth of function of endometrial tissue outside of uterus symptoms - pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility, back pain

Answer 13

infection and inflammation of prostate gland symptoms - urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, fever chills, malaise, myalgia, pain lower abdo, back, sacrum, groin

Answer 14

Lower UTI in bladder or urethra symptoms - urinary frequency, burning while urinating, urine cloudy and foul smelling, pain in suprapubic, lower abdo, groin Upper UTI in kidneys symptoms - fever, chills, malaise, HA, tenderness over kidneys/low back or costovertebal angle, frequent/burning urination, vomiting

Answer 15

cysts along nephron symptoms - pain, hematuria, hypertension, fever

Answer 16

radiating pain to lower abdo, bladder, perineal nausea vomit skin cool and clammy

Answer 17

acute or chronic - loss of kidney function due to infection or obstruction, diabetes, uncontrolled HTN ``` RED FLAGS dizziness, HA, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate, convulsions, coma HTN, dyspnea, HF peripheral and pulmonary edema neuropathy, cramping, restless legs osteomalacia, OP, bone pain, fracture skin allor, ecchymosis, pruritis, dry anemia decreased endurance, functional losses decreased HR, BP, orthostatic hypertension ```

Answer 18

process of diffusing blood across semipermeable membrane for removal of toxic substances, maintain fluids, electrolyte and acid-base balance contraindicated to take BP at shunt site

Answer 19

Stress - sudden release of urine; laxity of pelvic muscles, physical activity Urge - inability to delay voiding; detrusor muscle instability Overflow - continuously leaks secondary to urinary retention; distended bladder or incomplete emptying, anatomical obstruction Functional - leakage associated with inability to toilet due to impaired cognition, physical function, enviro barriers

Answer 20

insulin - allows uptake of glucose from blood glucagon - stimulates glucose production amylin - modulates nutrient delivery, suppresses release of glucagon somatostatin - depress secretion of insulin and glycagon, decreases motility, secretion, absorption of GI

Answer 21

clustor of factors that increase risk of heart disease, stroke, DM2 high abdo circumference > 40men >35 women high cholesterol >150 triglycerides, 135-85 high blood sugar fasting >100

Answer 22

``` DM1 - insulin dependent on injection, pump, inhale insulin secretion deficiency juvenille prone to ketoacidosis ``` DM2 - adult onset insulin resistant inappropriate glucagon secretion

Answer 23

``` increased blood sugar/hyperglycemia sugar in urine increased urination thirst, dry mouth hunger fatigue blurred vision HA unexplained wt loss ```

Answer 24

ACSM- 50-80%, RPE 12-16, 3-7days, 20-60min resistance - 2-3days, 60-80%, 2-3sets, 8-12reps hypoglycemia do not exs >70 glucose level 15g carb every hour avoid exs 2-4 hours post injection ``` hyperglycemia no exs glucose level 300 eat 2 hours prior hydrate dont exs alone or extreme temps ```

Answer 25

``` Hypoglycemia most common rapid onset pallor shaky fatigue excessive hunger dizzy fainting PROVIDE SUGAR ``` ``` Hyperglycemia gradulal onset fruity odor to breath excessive thirst decreased appetite IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION ```

Answer 26

BMI = wt(kg) / ht squared (cm) normal 18-24 overwt 25-29 obese >30 morbid >40

Answer 27

testing - 2-3 METS, leg/arm ergo ``` exs - 40-60% increasing to 50-70% 5-7 days 30-60min aerobic, circuit, short rests aquatic ```

Answer 28

metabolic processes are slowed due to decreased thyroid hormone secretion symptoms - weight gain, lathargy, dry skin and hair, low blood pressure, constipation, intolerance to cold and goiter, myalgia, proximal muscle weakness red flags - exs intolerance, weakness, apthy, myalgia, reduced CO

Answer 29

metabolic processes accelerated due to enlarged thyroid symptoms - nervousness, hyperreflexia, tremor, hunger, wt loss, fatigue, heat intolerance, palpiations, tachycardia, diarrhea, Grave's disease red flag - exs intolerance, fatigue

Answer 30

decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone from the adreanal insufficiency ``` signs - increased bronze pigment weakness anorexia, wt loss, dehydration anxiety, depression decreased tolerance to cold intolerance to stress ```

Answer 31

chronic, excessive cortisol production ``` signs - decreased glucose tolerance round moon face obesity decreased sex hormones muscle atrophy edema hypokalema emotional changes ```

Answer 32

fight or flight accompany responses of | increased HR, dyspnea, hyperventilation, dry mouth, GI symptoms, palpiatations

Answer 33

``` loss of interest in usual pleasurable outlets poor appetite, wt loss or gain insomnia, hypersomnia, decreased energy agitation, fatigue, irritability worthlessness, guilt, hopelessness impaired concentration suicidal ```

Answer 34

disordered thinking, speech, perception inappropriate of affect functional disturbances little insight

Answer 35

mid back and scapular regions

Answer 36

low back, pelvis, sacrum

Answer 37

cystocele - bladder pushing into vagina rectocele - rectum pushing into vagina enterocele - peritoneal sac containing part of small bowel pushes into vagina uterine prolapse - uterus pushes into vagina urethrocele - urethra into the vagina

Answer 38

Hypokalemia muscle weakness, aches, fatigue, cardiac arrythmias from diarrhea, vomit, metabolic acidosis Hyperkalemia weakness, arrythmias from renal fail, kidney disease, metabolic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, sickle cell

Answer 39

Hyponatremia confusion, signs of increased intracranial pressure, poor coordination from water intoxication Hypernatremia circulatory congestion, pulmonary edema, HTN, tachycardia from water deficits

Answer 40

Hypocalcemia muscle cramps, tetany, spasms, irritability from hyperphosphatemia, hypeoparathyroidism, vit D deficiency, alkalosis Hypercalcemia confusion, fatigue, increased urination from hyperparathyroidism, tumors, hyperthyroidism

Answer 41

Hypomagnesemia hyperirritability, confusion from renal disease, hepatic cirrhosis, pancreitis Hypermagnesemia hyporeflexia, confusion, lethargy, weakness from renal fail, diabetic acidosis, hypothyroidism, Addison's disease