module 03 | human factors, codes, standards

Question 1

anthropometrics are helpful in what areas of design?

Answer 1

• the design of consumer products
• the development of codes + standards

Question 2

what are anthropometrics?

Answer 2

the focus on size, proportion, and range of human motion

Question 3

what are ergonomics?

Answer 3

the relationship between the human body and the physical environment

Question 4

________________ data is used as a basis for ________________.

Answer 4

• anthropometrics
• ergonomics

Question 5

what is the term for how people use space based on their circumstance, social environment, or cultural context?

Answer 5

proxemics

Question 6

what is a sociopetal furniture arrangement?

Answer 6

a sociopetal arrangement encourages social interaction

Question 7

what is a sociofugal furniture arrangement?

Answer 7

a sociofugal arrangement discourages social interaction

Question 8

the first goal of interior design is to design a space that is __________?

Answer 8

• livable

Question 9

what two factors does good design consider?

Answer 9

1. function
2. the relationship of people to their environment

Question 10

what percentage of the population is neurodivergent?

Answer 10

~15% - 20%

Question 11

what is one of the most effective ways to design for sensory diversity?

Answer 11

provide choices

Question 12

how is acoustic noise different from sound?

Answer 12

sound is what a person hears, whereas noise is unwanted sound

Question 13

what is the term for the practice of designing spaces and products that everyone can use?

Answer 13

universal design

Question 14

what is the aim of universal design?

Answer 14

to satisfy the needs of disabled, able-bodied, young, and old persons without segregating any particular group

Question 15

what are the seven principles of universal design?

Answer 15

1. equitable use
2. flexibility in use
3. simple + intuitive use
4. perceptible information
5. tolerance for error
6. low physical effort
7. appropriate size + space

Question 16

how does universal design differ from accessible design?

Answer 16

universal design aims to satisfy everyone, while accessible design focuses on those with disabilities

Question 17

what is static load (in relation to ff+e)?

Answer 17

the maximum amount of non-moving weight a piece of equipment / furniture can bear

Question 18

what is dynamic load (in relation to ff+e)?

Answer 18

the accommodation of a person’s falling weight

Question 19

what part of the egress system is exit discharge?

Answer 19

exit discharge is the section that connects the exit with a public way

Question 20

what areas of a building can be used as exit discharge?

Answer 20

• a main lobby
• exterior exit stairways
• exit courts

Question 21

what is a common path of egress?

Answer 21

a common path is the part of the exit access path before two separate paths to two different exits become available

(think of a fork in the road)

Question 22

the limit of the common path of travel distance is limited to _________________ in most occupancies.

Answer 22

75’

Question 23

what is the term for the distance an occupant must travel from the most remote point of an exit access to the nearest exit?

Answer 23

maximum travel distance

Question 24

what two factors is the travel distance based upon?

Answer 24

• the occupancy type
• whether or not the building is sprinklered

Question 25

what factors are the number of required exits based upon?

Answer 25

- the occupancy type - the occupancy load of the space - the limitations on travel distance length

Question 26

when two exits are required from a space, what is the minimum distance required between the exits?

Answer 26

- 1/2 the diagonal dimension of the room, unsprinklered - 1/3 the diagonal dimension of the room, sprinklered

Question 27

what is the calculation for the minimum exit width dimension in a stairway?

Answer 27

exit width = 0.3 x occupant load

Question 28

what is the calculation for the minimum exit width dimension in a corridor?

Answer 28

exit width = 0.2 x occupant load

Question 29

in spaces with more than one exit, means of egress shall be configured such that:

Answer 29

the loss of an exit or access to an exit shall not reduce the capacity to less than half of the room's original capacity

Question 30

what is the main method of fire separation in a building?

Answer 30

compartmentation

Question 31

what are the four aims of compartmentation?

Answer 31

1. contain a fire 2. limit the spread of a fire 3. allow occupants to escape the building 4. protect unaffected parts of the building

Question 32

how is horizontal fire separation achieved?

Answer 32

through the use of fire-rated walls

Question 33

how is vertical fire separation achieved?

Answer 33

through the use of fire-resistive floor-ceiling assemblies

Question 34

structural compartmentation is achieved through what four means?

Answer 34

1. door assembly ratings 2. floor-ceiling assemblies 3. fire-rated walls 4. fire separations

Question 35

true or false: any penetrations to a fire-resistive barrier must also be fire-rated

Answer 35

true

Question 36

what is the difference between a fire wall and a fire partition?

Answer 36

a fire wall is a continuous, rated exterior wall, whereas a fire partition is a rated interior wall

Question 37

fire partitions are required to achieve what fire-resistance rating?

Answer 37

1-hour

Question 38

fire walls typically achieve what fire-resistance rating?

Answer 38

3 - 4-hour

Question 39

name the five most common fire partition locations:

Answer 39

1. corridor walls 2. elevator lobby walls 3. walls separating dwelling units 4. walls separating r-1, r-2, and i-1 residential guest rooms 5. walls separating tenants in covered shopping malls

Question 40

what is the term for a fire-resistance-rated structure designed to confine fire and allow for safe passage?

Answer 40

fire barrier

Question 41

fire barriers are used in what three settings?

Answer 41

1. enclose exits and incidental use areas 2. separate occupancies in a mixed-use space 3. separate single occupancies into different fire areas

Question 42

what components are included in a door assembly?

Answer 42

- door - frame - hardware - glazing

Question 43

what is nfpa 80?

Answer 43

standard for fire doors + other protective openings

Question 44

what is nfpa 101?

Answer 44

life safety code

Question 45

true or false: fire doors must be self-closing and positive latching.

Answer 45

true

Question 46

who does an a/v alarm in public mode notify?

Answer 46

all of occupants

Question 47

who does an a/v alarm in private mode notify?

Answer 47

only those who are expected to respond to the emergency

Question 48

what is nfpa 70?

Answer 48

standard for electrical safety in the workplace

Question 49

what does astm e662 test for?

Answer 49

the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials

Question 50

what does astm d2859 test for?

Answer 50

the ignition characteristics of finished textile floor covering materials

Question 51

what is another name for astm d2859?

Answer 51

methenamine pill test

Question 52

what is nfpa 269?

Answer 52

standard test method for developing toxic potency data for use in fire hazard modeling

Question 53

what is astm e1678?

Answer 53

standard test method for measuring smoke toxicity for use in fire hazard analysis

Question 54

what is cal tb 117-2013?

Answer 54

testing the flame retardance of resilient filling materials used in upholstered furniture

Question 55

what is ansi a137.1?

Answer 55

standard specification for ceramic tile

Question 56

what is ansi a326.3?

Answer 56

test method for dcof of hard surface flooring materials

Question 57

what is the minimum dcof rating for floor surfaces that will be wet?

Answer 57

0.42

Question 58

when studying the dcof of floor materials, the higher the number, the _____________________________.

Answer 58

less slippery the surface will be

Question 59

what is astm d5116?

Answer 59

standard guide for small-scale environmental chamber determinations of organic emissions from indoor materials

Question 60

what is astm d6670?

Answer 60

standard practice for full-scale chamber detection of volatile emissions from indoor materials

Question 61

what is conduction?

Answer 61

heat transfer from direct contact with cooler surfaces ex: holding a hot mug of coffee

Question 62

what is convection?

Answer 62

surrounding air absorbs heat ex: increasing air flow in a crowded room helps to dissipate an increase in ambient temperature

Question 63

what is radiation?

Answer 63

heat transfer to cooler objects without direct contact ex: sitting near a fire or sunny window on a cold day

Question 64

what is evaporation?

Answer 64

heat drawn from the body by turning liquid into vapor ex: sweating

Question 65

what types of heat transfer are ineffective if the air temperature is the same as one's body temperature?

Answer 65

- radiation - convection - conduction

Question 66

what does the 2010 ada standards for accessible design outline?

Answer 66

the minimum requirements to stop discrimination towards people with disabilities

Question 67

what is exit access?

Answer 67

the portion of the egress system that leads from an occupied area to the entrance of an exit

Question 68

what hour rating should be specified for an exit?

Answer 68

1 - 2-hour