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BMSC 200 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are stereoisomers?

A

molecules that are mirrored images (hands)

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2
Q

what is molecular confirmation?

A

flexible arrangements
doesn’t break covalent bonds

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3
Q

what is molecular configuration?

A

fixed arrangements
breaks covalent bonds

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4
Q

3 advantages of biomolecules as polymers?

A
  1. simplicity
  2. recycling
  3. diversity
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5
Q

2 advantages of carbon

A
  1. extremely versatile
  2. complex molecules can be formed
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6
Q

What are geometric isomers?

A

have same chemical formula but diff configuration
cis= same
trans=opposite

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7
Q

what are chiral carbons?

A

have 4 different molecules attached (H, R NH3, COO)

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8
Q

3 characteristics of Chiral Carbons

A
  1. can yield 2 stereoisomers
  2. have same chemical properties, diff biological
  3. double bonds can’t be chiral carbons
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9
Q

what amino acid is the only one that isn’t a chiral carbon?

A

Glycine

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10
Q

what are proteins?

A

linear polymers of amino acids that differ by their side chains

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11
Q

2 functions of higher order polysacchrides?

A
  1. structure
  2. energy storage
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12
Q

what are lipids?

A

aggregates building blocks together by non-covalent forces

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13
Q

3 functions of lipids?

A
  1. energy storage
  2. signalling
  3. formation
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14
Q

what doe less bondage of lipids mean?

A

more variety in structures

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15
Q

what are nucleic acids?

A

linear polymers of nucleotide building blocks

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16
Q

what are the 5 nucleic acids?

A
  1. cytosine
  2. uracil
  3. thymine
  4. adenine
  5. guanine
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17
Q

nucleic acid function (2)

A
  1. storage & utilization of genetic info
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18
Q

In vitro

A

in glass, studies molecules outside body

19
Q

in vivo

A

in the living, within the cell

20
Q

what is the 1st law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed

21
Q

what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

A

total entropy (disorder) is always increasing

22
Q

non-spontaneous

A

needs input of free energy

23
Q

spontaneous

A

releases free energy to do work until equilibrium is reached

24
Q

what do energy coupling links do?

A

can drive unfavourable reactions by coupling energy

25
Q

what does endergonic mean?

A

energy requiring

26
Q

what does exergonic mean?

A

energy releasing

27
Q

what is the role of ATP?

A

linkage between anabolic and catabolic reactions

28
Q

catabolic reactions

A

energy producing, breaking things down=creates ATP

29
Q

Anabolic reactions

A

energy releasing, building things up= drives ATP

30
Q

How is genetic information stored

A

in stable form

31
Q

DNA function(2)

A
  1. provides instructions to form cellular tasks
  2. template for identical DNA molecules to be distrubuted
32
Q

Central Dogma of Biochemistry

A

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

33
Q

How are DNA protein structures dictated?

A

by nucleoside sequence

34
Q

DNA structures

A

2 complementary strands
1 strand= linear polymers of 4 diff types of building blocks
linear sequence encodes info

35
Q

what does a change in genotype equal?

A

a change in phenotype

36
Q

phenotype

A

observable traits

37
Q

genotype

A

genetic info

38
Q

what does a spontaneous reaction use?

A

negative gibbs free energy

39
Q

What is transcription?

A

making RNA from DNA

40
Q

what is translation?

A

making proteins from RNA

41
Q

what isomer are proteins made from?

A

L

42
Q

geometric isomers emerge as a consequence of…

A

double bonds

43
Q

Which category of biomolecules includes both linear and branched polymers?

A

carbohydrates

BMSC 200 (10 decks)

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