Module 1 Flashcards
A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.
ionic bond
A bond in which electrons are shared equally.
nonpolar covalent bond
A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.
Polar covalent bond
A charged particle is generally called an ion.
True
A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with ________.
the release of energy
A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis.
False
A gene can best be defined as ________.
a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain
A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.
True
A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis.
True
A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.
swell and burst
A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ________.
acidic
A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be a(n) ________.
organ
A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.
Hydrogen bond
About 60% to 80% of the volume of most living cells consists of organic compounds.
False
Abundant in tissues subjected to great mechanical stress
Desmosomes
Act as “interpreter” molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences.
Transfer RNA
All organic compounds contain carbon.
True
Although a man who weighs 175 pounds on Earth would be lighter on the moon and heavier on Jupiter, his ________ would not be different.
Mass
An example of a coenzyme is ________.
riboflavin (vitamin B2)
An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.
excretion of metabolic waste
An oblique cut is one that is cut ________.
diagonally between the vertical and horizontal
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Matter
Apoptosis is programmed cell suicide, but cancer cells fail to undergo apoptosis.
True
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
7
Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA.
Synthetase enzymes
Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.
37
Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of the body by releasing or binding ions.
True
Can be measured only by its effects on matter.
Energy
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.
removal of a water molecule between each two units
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.
glycogen
Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________.
peroxisomes
Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.
Early prophase
Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons.
False
Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.
Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.
Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins.
are very stable and insoluble in water
Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.
a bicarbonate ion
Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.
Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart.
Chromatin consists of DNA and RNA.
False
Chromosomal centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell.
Anaphase
Chromosomes align on the spindle equator.
Metaphase
Chromosomes decoil to form chromatin.
Telophase
Communicating junction.
Gap junctions
Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.
Endocrine
Covalent bonds are generally less stable than ionic bonds.
False
Crenation is likely to occur in blood cells in ________.
a hypertonic solution
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
Cardiovascular
Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.
Nucleoli
Diffusion is always from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.
true
Directly causes mechanical motion.
Muscular
DNA contains “dark matter” that codes for specific structural proteins.
False
Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
True
Electrically charged particle due to loss of an electron.
Cation
Energy that travels in waves. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
radiant energy
Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.
false
Final preparation for cell division is made during the cell life cycle subphase called G2.
True
Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomal RNA
Found in the cytoplasm, this structure specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made.
Messenger RNA
Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.
True
Help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells.
Tight junctions
Heterogeneous, will not settle.
colloids
Heterogeneous, will settle.
suspensions
Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.
tissues
Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton.
Microtubules
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.
a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
Homogeneous, will not settle.
solutions
Houses DNA and RNA.
nucleus
Hydrogen bonds are comparatively strong bonds.
False
If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what would happen?
The cells will lose water and shrink
If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________.
control center
In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in ________.
the smooth ER
In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ________.
a high degree of unsaturated bonds
In liquid XYZ, you notice that light is scattered as it passes through. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days. What type of liquid is this?
Colloid
In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration.
False
