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Anatomy and Phys 1 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

(120 cards)

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1
Q

A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei.

A

True

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2
Q

A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ________.

A

a beta-blocker

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3
Q

A major relay station for sensory information ascending to primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. Contains many specialized nuclei.

A

Thalamus

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4
Q

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged?

A

facial

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5
Q

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.

A

sulcus

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6
Q

Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.

A

True

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7
Q

Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.

A

True

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8
Q

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ____.

A

Paraplegia

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9
Q

Auditory area

A

Temporal Lobe

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10
Q

Because the ANS is a visceral motor system, afferent pathways are of no importance and actually are rarely found.

A

False

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11
Q

Bell’s palsy is ____.

A

characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

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12
Q

Beta-blockers ________.

A

decrease heart rate and blood pressure

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13
Q

Broca’s area ____.

A

is considered a motor speech area

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14
Q

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ________.

A

dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

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15
Q

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

A

the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

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16
Q

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

A

the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

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17
Q

Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

A

True

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18
Q

Consists of an ipsilateral withdrawal reflex and a contralateral extensor reflex; important in maintaining balance.

A

Crossed-Extensor

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19
Q

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves.

A

True

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20
Q

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.

A

hypothalamus

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21
Q

Erection of the penis or clitoris ________.

A

is primarily under parasympathetic control

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22
Q

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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23
Q

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________.

A

splanchnic nerves

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24
Q

Formed by the union of a cranial and a spinal root.

A

Accessory

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25
Gateway to the cerebrum
Thalamus
26
Helps to regulate blood pressure and digestion.
Vagus
27
If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?
a complete loss of voluntary movement
28
In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.
extend
29
Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ______.
loss of proprioception
30
Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.
True
31
Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons.
False
32
Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?
olafactory
33
Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system.
False
34
Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.
True
35
Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over from one side of the body to the other.
True
36
Motor command center
Cerebellum
37
Motor speech area
Frontal lobe
38
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.
afferent nerves
39
Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________.
lateral spinothalamic
40
One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing.
True
41
Parasympathetic functions include ________.
lens accommodation for close vision
42
Petit mal seizures found in children generally go away with age.
True
43
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.
nociceptors
44
Premotor area
Frontal lobe
45
Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________.
sympathetic nervous system
46
Prevents muscle overstretching and maintains muscle tone.
Stretch
47
Primary sensory cortex
Parietal lobe
48
Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?
vestibulocochlear
49
Produces a rapid withdrawal of the body part from a painful stimulus; ipsilateral.
Flexor
50
Produces muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to tension; the contracting muscle relaxes as its antagonist is activated.
Golgi tendon
51
Receptors for this nerve are located in epithelium of the nasal cavity.
Olfactory
52
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called _____.
gyri
53
Seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning
Frontal lobe
54
Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the _____.
thalamus
55
Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium.
Vestibulocochlear
56
Somatic motor cortex
Frontal Lobe
57
Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus.
False
58
Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ____.
upper motor neurons
59
Specific motor and sensory functions are localized in specific areas called domains, whereas memory and language have overlapping domains
True
60
Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4to S4form the ________.
sacral plexus
61
Survival center
Brain steam
62
Sympathetic division stimulation causes _____.
increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
63
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?
first thoracic
64
Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.
NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
65
Taste (gustatory) area
Insula
66
Test both upper and lower motor pathways. The sole of the foot is stimulated with a dull instrument.
Plantar
67
The arbor vitae refers to ________.
cerebellar white matter
68
The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ______.
visceral sensory area
69
The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.
True
70
The axons from this area form the major pyramidal tracts.
Primary motor cortex
71
The blood-brain barrier is effective against _____.
metabolic waste such as urea
72
The brain area that regulates activities that control the stat of wakefulness of alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ____.
reticular formation
73
The brain stem consists of the ________.
midbrain, medulla, and pons
74
The central sulcus separates which lobes?
frontal from parietal
75
The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements.
True
76
The corpora quadrigemina superior colliculi are visual reflex centers, whereas the inferior colliculi are auditory reflex centers.
True
77
The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.
True
78
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the _____.
lateral sulcas
79
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.
False
80
The hypothalamus ____.
is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature
81
The left cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant.
True
82
The limbic system acts as our emotional, or affective, brain.
True
83
The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.
True
84
The patellar "knee jerk" reflex is an example of a ____.
stretch reflex
85
The possibility of some control over autonomic responses is demonstrated by ________.
biofeedback
86
The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.
temporal lobe
87
The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space.
True
88
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called _____.
consolidation
89
The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.
parasympathetic division
90
The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________.
vagus nerve
91
The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.
True
92
The second cranial nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.
False
93
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.
sympathetic stimulation
94
The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?
arachnoid and pia
95
The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.
medulla
96
The white matter of the spinal cord contains _____.
myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
97
There are 41 pairs of the spinal nerves.
False
98
Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division.
True
99
This area is the main visceral control center of the body.
Hypothalamus
100
This brain area associates experiences necessary for the production of abstract ideas, judgment, and conscience.
Prefrontal area
101
Through direct neural stimulation, the sympathetic division promotes many metabolic effects via hormone release.
True
102
Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ______.
Parkinson's disease
103
Turns the eyeball laterally.
Abducens
104
Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ______.
pyramidal and corticospinal
105
Visceral reflex arcs from somatic in that _______.
visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
106
Visual area
Occipital lobe
107
Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?
longitudinal fissure
108
Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?
regulation of body temperature
109
Which of the following does not describe the ANS?
a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
110
Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?
The hemispheres are exactly equal in function
111
Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
dilation of the pupils
112
Which of the following is not an example of an exteroceptor?
baroreceptor
113
Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?
receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
114
Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?
concussion
115
Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?
medulla
116
Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?
red blood cells
117
Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
skeletal muscle
118
Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?
fiber tracts
119
Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?
prefrontal cortex
120
Which statement about coma is true?
Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.

Anatomy and Phys 1 (4 decks)

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