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Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotes do not

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2
Q

Which of the following microorganisms are not eukaryotes?

  • bacteria
  • yeast
  • mold
  • Protozoa
A

Bacteria are prokaryotic

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3
Q

Which microorganisms are used to make microbial growth media?

A

Algae

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4
Q

In what habitat would you most likely find archaea?

A

Acidic hot springs
Great salt lake
Swamp mud

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5
Q

Who first promulgated the theory of abiogenesis?

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

Who hypothesized that bacterial colonies come from a single cell?

A

Robert Koch

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7
Q

Who hypothesized that medical personnel can infect patients?

A

Ignaz Simmelweis

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8
Q

Leeuwenhoek describes microorganisms as?

A

Animalcules

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9
Q

Who favored the theory of spontaneous generation?

A

Needham

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10
Q

A scientist who studies the role of microorganisms in the environment is a?

A

Environmental microbiologist

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11
Q

The lab of Robert Koch contributed what to the field of microbiology?

A
  • simple staining technique
  • Petri dishes
  • first photomicrograph of bacteria
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12
Q

Which scientists are associated with environmental microbiology?

A

Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky

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13
Q

Which scientists developed biochemistry?

A

Louis Pasteur and Eduard Buchner

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14
Q

Which scientist developed chemotherapy?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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15
Q

Which scientist are associated with the development of immunology?

A

Edward Jenner

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16
Q

Which scientist is associated with the development of infection control?

A

John Snow

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17
Q

Which scientist is associated with the development of the field of etiology?

A

Robert Koch

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18
Q

Which scientist is associated with the development of the field of biotechnology?

A

Louis Pasteur

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19
Q

Which scientist is associated with the development of the field of food microbiology?

A

Louis Pasteur

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20
Q

What are six types of microorganisms?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Fungi
  • Protozoa
  • Algae
  • Viruses
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21
Q

What are the four steps of the scientific method?

A
  • Observation
  • Hypothesis
  • Experiment
  • Accept, reject or modify hypothesis
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22
Q

What are Koch’s postulates?

A
  • cause must be consistent among sick and absent in healthy
  • cause must be isolated and grown outside of host
  • must cause disease when introduced to healthy
  • must be same agent found in host
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23
Q

Who developed the smallpox immunization?

A

Edward Jenner

24
Q

Who first took photomicrograph of bacteria?

A

Robert Koch

25
Who came up with the germ theory of disease?
Louis Pasteur
26
Who figured out that germs cause disease?
Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Girolamo Francastoro
27
Who sought the “magic bullet” to destroy pathogens?
Paul Ehrlich
28
Who was one of the earliest epidemiologists?
John Snow
29
Who is the father of microbiology?
Louis Pasteur
30
Who came up with a classification system for microorganisms?
Carolus Linnaeus
31
Who discovered bacteria?
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
32
Who discovered Protozoa?
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
33
Who is the founder of antiseptic surgery?
Joseph Lister
34
Who developed the bacterial staining technique?
Hans Christian Gram
35
What was Francesco Redi’s famous experiment regarding spontaneous generation?
He covered some jars of meat with gauze and left others open and the uncovered jars did not develop maggots.
36
What kind of bind is found between water molecules?
Hydrogen
37
Carbon enters a lot of and variety of chemical combos because?
It has four electrons in its outer shell
38
What are the four most common elements in organic life forms?
Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen
39
Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
40
What are the three parts of an atom?
Electrons Neutrons Protons
41
What is an important difference between monosaccharides and polysaccharides?
The number of carbohydrate monomers
42
Semmelweis showed that the spread of disease could be stopped by?
Washing hands
43
Why was Pasteur’s study of fermentation so important?
It showed that microorganisms bring about chemical changes
44
What are some characteristics of an acid?
It has a sour taste Releases protons in solution Has a low pH value
45
What maintains a stable pH in living things?
A buffer
46
What happens in the formation of an ionic bond?
The transfer of electrons
47
What was Paul Ehrlich’s magic bullet?
A chemical to treat syphilis
48
What happens in a dehydration or synthesis reaction?
Water is removed in the formation of the covalent bond
49
Koch’s postulates give rules about what?
Relating certain microorganisms to certain diseases
50
Flagella, cilia or pseudopodia are commonly found on?
Protozoa
51
______ is the use of chemicals to control microbes
Chemotherapy
52
The sharing of an electron between a carbon and a hydrogen generates a _____ bond
Covalent
53
____ is the heritable genetic material in a bacterial cell
DNA
54
____ is the concept that life forms arise from non living matter
Spontaneous generation
55
A ____ contains a glycerol head, two fatty acid tails and a phosphate functional group
Phospholipid
56
The building blocks of nucleic acids are ____
Nucleotides
57
____ are made up of amino acids and have primary, secondary and tertiary structures
Proteins

Medical Microbiology (10 decks)

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