Module 5

Question 1

What process eliminates harmful organisms and their spores or endospores?

Answer 1

Sterilization

Question 2

What process kills microorganisms on surfaces?

Answer 2

Degermers

Question 3

What process disinfects surfaces?

Answer 3

Sanitization

Question 4

The endospores of what microorganism can be used as an indicator of sterilization?

Answer 4

Bacillus sterothermophilus

Question 5

What process can be used to test the effectiveness of a antimicrobial agent in solution?

Answer 5

In-use test

Question 6

What is the preservation method used with beef jerky that prevents microbial growth?

Answer 6

Desiccation

Question 7

What type of radiation is used most widely as an antimicrobial technique?

Answer 7

electron beams

Question 8

What is an adjective for a sterilized surgical suite?

Answer 8

aseptic

Question 9

A sample has been subjected to heat for a specific time and kills 90% of the cells. What describes this event?

Answer 9

Decimal reduction time

Question 10

What chemical is active against endospores?

Answer 10

ethylene oxide

Question 11

What disinfectant is acts of cell membranes?

Answer 11

phenol

Question 12

What kinds of disinfectants contain alcohol?

Answer 12

tinctures

Question 13

What antimicrobial chemical has been used to sterilize spacecraft?

Answer 13

ethylene oxide

Question 14

What class of surfactant is most soluble in water?

Answer 14

quaternary ammonium compounds (quats)

Question 15

Diffusion and dilution tests that expose pathogens to antimicrobials are designed to determine what?

Answer 15

which drug and which amount is most effective against a particular pathogen

Question 16

In a Kirby-Bauer susceptibility test, the presence of a zone of inhibition around disks containing antimicrobial agents indicates what?

Answer 16

that the microbe does not grow in the presence of the agent

Question 17

The key to successful chemotherapy is what?

Answer 17

selective toxicity

Question 18

Why are sulfamides effective?

Answer 18

Humans and microbes use PABA differently in their metabolism

Question 19

What is cross resistance?

Answer 19

Resistance to one antimicrobial agent because of its similarity to another antimicrobial agent

Question 20

Where do multiple-drug resistant microbes tend to develop?

Answer 20

In hospitals

Question 21

What antibiotic is closely associated with a beta-lactam ring?

Answer 21

Penicillin

Question 22

What is a drug tat works against protein synthesis?

Answer 22

Aminoglycosides

Question 23

How do drugs that contain protease slow microbial replication?

Answer 23

By blocking the production of essential viral proteins

Question 24

What is PABA used for?

Answer 24

To synthesize folic acid

Question 25

The time it takes to eliminate a population of microbes at a specific temperature is called the?

Answer 25

thermal death time.

Question 26

Triclosan destroys bacteria by?

Answer 26

disrupting cell membranes.

Question 27

Which method is the most rapid and effective for achieving sterilization?

Answer 27

Direct flame method

Question 28

What are some characteristics of phenol?

Answer 28

1. It acts probably by coagulating proteins. 2. It is effective even in the presence of organic matter. 3. It is the standard disinfectant against which others are evaluated.

Question 29

Sterilization using hot air is useful for those items that

Answer 29

are dry or do not mix with water.

Question 30

Autoclaves are effective tools for sterilizations except that?

Answer 30

some plasticware melts in the high heat.

Question 31

Ultraviolet light damages what structure in bacterial cells?

Answer 31

DNA of the cell.

Question 32

When food has been salted, what happens?

Answer 32

water diffuses out of microorganisms causing them to shrivel.

Question 33

Low temperature is what to microorganisms?

Answer 33

bacteriostatic.

Question 34

What is the original definition of an antibiotic?

Answer 34

a product derived from the metabolism of living microorganisms

Question 35

Bacteria susceptible to sulfonamide synthesize what?

Answer 35

folic acid.

Question 36

Isoniazid is useful for?

Answer 36

treating tuberculosis.

Question 37

When should carbenicillin and methicillin not be prescribed?

Answer 37

a patient has a penicillin allergy.

Question 38

Ampicillin is most effective against?

Answer 38

log phase gram (+) bacteria.

Question 39

Aminoglycosides function by

Answer 39

interfering with bacterial ribosomes.

Question 40

Tetracycline interferes with what?

Answer 40

protein synthesis in microorganisms.

Question 41

Antiviral drugs interfere with?

Answer 41

specific stages of the viral replication cycle.

Question 42

A physician wants to treat a patient with a skin infection caused by a fungus. An antibiotic he might prescribe is?

Answer 42

amphoteracin B.

Question 43

Chloroquine and quinine are commonly used to treat?

Answer 43

cases of malaria.

Question 44

It is common practice to incinerate the carcasses of cattle dead of anthrax because?.

Answer 44

anthrax spores cannot adequately be destroyed by other means

Question 45

Boiling water is not considered a sterilizing agent because?

Answer 45

the destruction of bacterial endospores cannot always be assured.

Question 46

The most important bacterial producers of antibiotic substances belong to?

Answer 46

the genus Streptomyces.

Question 47

What causes the destruction of all microbes, including spores and viruses, on an object or in an area?

Answer 47

sterilization

Question 48

What causes change in the chemical or physical property of a protein

Answer 48

Denaturation

Question 49

What uses a direct flame to kill microbes very rapidly

Answer 49

Incineration

Question 50

What is the time necessary for killing the population at a given temperature?

Answer 50

Thermal death time

Question 51

What is the minimal temperature at which is dies in a given time?

Answer 51

Thermal death point

Question 52

That is the mechanical method used to remove microbes from a solution, organisms are trapped in the filter?

Answer 52

Filtration

Question 53

What reduces the bacterial population of a liquid such as milk, and destroys organisms that may cause harm to food?

Answer 53

Pasteurization

Question 54

What creates moist heat in the form of pressurized steam is regarded as the most dependable form of sterilization?

Answer 54

Autoclave

Question 55

What does penicillin do?

Answer 55

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 56

What does sulfonamide do?

Answer 56

Affects metabolism

Question 57

What does Acyclovir do?

Answer 57

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

Question 58

What does chloramphenicol do?

Answer 58

Inhibits protein synthesis

Question 59

What does streptomycin do?

Answer 59

Inhibits protein synthesis

Question 60

What does ciprofloxacin do?

Answer 60

Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

Question 61

What does fliconazole do?

Answer 61

Inhibits function of cell membrane

Question 62

What does polymyxin do?

Answer 62

Inhibits function of cell membrane