Module 2

Question 1

A thin, loosely bound glycocalyx is called what?

Answer 1

A slime layer

Question 2

Characteristics of what?

• include ribosomes
• lack a nucleus
• made of single cells

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Characteristics of what?

• made of flagellin
• counterclockwise rotations move it forward
• has a hook inserted in the basal body

Answer 3

Bacterial flagellum

Question 4

How do prokaryotes exhibit motility?

Answer 4

Uncovered flagella

Question 5

What processes, sorts and packages proteins but does not synthesize them?

Answer 5

The Golgi apparatus

Question 6

While eukaryotes generate energy with double membrane organelles, prokaryotes use what?

Answer 6

Cytosol and cell membranes

Question 7

Gram-negative or positive?

• has a thick cell wall
• contains teichoic acids
• appear purple after staining

Answer 7

Gram positive

Question 8

What are the dormant and environmentally resistant structures of bacteria?

Answer 8

Endospores

Question 9

What is found mainly in the cell walls of fungus?

Answer 9

Chitin

Question 10

What are the cell walls of bacteria made of?

Answer 10

Peptidoglycan

Question 11

What kind of bacteria have a cell wall with a thick layer of peptidoglycan?

Answer 11

Gram-positive

Question 12

What are the three types of tests used to identify bacteria?

Answer 12

Physical characteristics
Biochemical tests
Serological tests

Question 13

Which are bigger, bacteria or Protozoa?

Answer 13

Protozoa

Question 14

What is shown with a negative stain technique?

Answer 14

Clear bacteria on a dark background

Question 15

What test is used to identify waxy walled bacteria?

Answer 15

Acid fast stain

Question 16

The flagellum is longer than a bacteria but is so thin, it can’t be seen unless?

Answer 16

It is stained before using a bright field microscope

Question 17

What binds cells to a slide in preparation for staining?

Answer 17

Heat or chemical fixing

Question 18

What is the test when fluorescein is attached to antibodies and mixed with a sample?

Answer 18

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 19

What are acellular obligatory parasites?

Answer 19

Viruses

Question 20

Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival?

Answer 20

isotonic

Question 21

Hydrogen bonds are found where?

Answer 21

• in the structure of complex polysaccharides.
• in the DNA double helix between nucleotides.
• between water molecules.
• between the R groups of amino acids in proteins.

Question 22

Species and strains of microbes can be distinguished from one another phenotypically using

Answer 22

serological tests.

Question 23

What may be a component of bacterial cell walls?

Answer 23

lipoteichoic acids

Question 24

How many steps does glycolysis have?

Answer 24

Ten

Question 25

Safranin dye is used as the counterstain in ________ stain(s).

Answer 25

both the Gram and the endospore

Question 26

The acid-fast stain is used to stain

Answer 26

bacteria with waxy cell walls.

Question 27

Research suggests taking antacids may make people more susceptible to infection with Vibrio vulnificus by making the stomach environment more tolerable to the bacteria. Based on this information and the name "antacid," which of the following are antacids likely to be?

Answer 27

either base or buffer

Question 28

The ____ reveals internal structures within cells of the genera Bacillus.

Answer 28

endospore stain

Question 29

Carbon atoms have ____ valence electrons and typically form polar covalent bonds.

Answer 29

four

Question 30

One of the products of dehydration synthesis reactions is ____.

Answer 30

water

Question 31

A cell may allow large or charged chemicals to move across the membrane, down the chemical's electrical and chemical gradients, in a process called?

Answer 31

facilitated diffusion

Question 32

A "9+2" arrangement of microtubules is seen in?

Answer 32

eukaryotic flagella

Question 33

Carrier proteins are associated with?

Answer 33

diffusion

Question 34

The nucleoid, glycocalyx and circular DNA are all associated with?

Answer 34

prokaryotic organisms

Question 35

What do Svedbergs express?

Answer 35

the sedimentation rate during high-speed centrifugation

Question 36

The cell walls of bacteria are made of?

Answer 36

peptidoglycan

Question 37

What are the functions of a glycocalyx?

Answer 37

1. hides a bacterial cell from other cells 2. helps to stick to the host 3. protect from dehydration

Question 38

What uses a basal body to anchor to the cell?

Answer 38

bacterial flagella

Question 39

What cell structure is important when classifying based on gram staining

Answer 39

cell wall

Question 40

Endospores are?

Answer 40

dormant resistant cells

Question 41

Inclusions have been found to contain?

Answer 41

sulfur globules

Question 42

Dipicolinic acid is an important component of what?

Answer 42

endospores

Question 43

"Sweet cup" made of polysaccharides and/or polypeptides

Answer 43

Glycocalyx

Question 44

Long whip like structure, made of tubulin in eukaryotes and made of flagellin in bacteria

Answer 44

Flagella

Question 45

Responsible for the motility of spirochetes

Answer 45

Axial filaments

Question 46

Responsible for conjugation and whose extensions are not used for cell motility

Answer 46

Pili

Question 47

Made of tubulin in eukaryotes

Answer 47

Hami

Question 48

Site of protein synthesis

Answer 48

Ribosomes

Question 49

Allows for structure and contractions of the cell

Answer 49

Cytoskeleton

Question 50

Contains microtubules in "9+0" arrangement

Answer 50

Centriole

Question 51

Site of DNA in eukaryotes

Answer 51

Nucleus

Question 52

Internal membrane is the site for ATP production

Answer 52

Mitochondrion

Question 53

Light-harvesting organelle

Answer 53

Chloroplast

Question 54

Functions as the transport system within a eukaryotic cell

Answer 54

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 55

Packages large molecules for export from a cell

Answer 55

Golgi body

Question 56

Contains enzymes to neutralize hydrogen peroxide

Answer 56

Peroxisome

Question 57

Which of the following is the smallest? - decimeter - millimeter - nanometer - micrometer

Answer 57

nanometer

Question 58

A nanometer is ____ than a micrometer

Answer 58

1,000 times smaller

Question 59

Resolution is best described as the _______

Answer 59

Ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects

Question 60

What are three factors are key to making an image appear larger?

Answer 60

1. thickness of the lens 2. curvature of the lens 3. speed of the light passing through the lens

Question 61

What are three differences between light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy?

Answer 61

1. magnification 2. resolution 3. wavelength

Question 62

What type of microscope makes a 3-D image with a shadowed appearence?

Answer 62

differential interference contrast microscope

Question 63

Which microscope has the greatest magnification and best resolution?

Answer 63

Confocal microscope

Question 64

Negative stains such as eosin are also called

Answer 64

capsule stains

Question 65

In binomial nomenclature, which term is always written in lowercase?

Answer 65

specific epithet

Question 66

What type of fixation was developed by Koch for bacteria?

Answer 66

heat fixation

Question 67

The differences in intensity between two objects?

Answer 67

contrast