Module 1 - Quiz Questions and Answers Flashcards
(75 cards)
Throughout the 14th century, Portuguese Christians devoted themselves to fighting who?
- The Moors
How did the Portuguese monarchs successfully consolidate political power?
- By granting Atlantic islands to nobles as lucrative hereditary possessions, ensuring the political loyalty of noble families and merchants
How did political consolidation/centralization commonly occur in Spain?
- Through dynastic marriages
What was a key thing that happened during the reign of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella?
- Granada fell to Christian forces
Instead of relying on the church’s teachings to analyze the world, what did the artists and scholars of the renaissance turn to?
- The classical texts of Greece and Rome
What did Niccolo Machiavelli say in The Prince?
- The goal of princely rule is holding and exercising power
What did the Portuguese NOT do as part of their maritime expansion?
- They did not create joint stock companies
Where were the first European sugar plantations in the Atlantic located?
- The islands off of West Africa
What was the primary goal of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean?
- To maintain the flow of trade and profit from it by extracting taxes and tributes through the use of cartazes
Did Christopher Columbus believe that he had discovered a new land?
No
Who ruled over the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Portugal, and their overseas possessions in 16th century Europe?
- The Habsburg Family
What did not motivate Martin Luther to challenge the Catholic Church?
- The desire for German Protestant cathedrals to rival those of Rome in their grandeur
What did the beliefs of Protestant thinkers like Luther and Calvin not do?
- They did not prohibit the persecution of people who were suspected of being witches
What was the Catholic Church’s response to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation?
- The Counter-Reformation
What was the Catholic missionary organization formed during the Counter-Reformation?
- The Society of Jews (Jesuits)
How did the Catholics NOT respond to the growth of Protestantism in Europe between the 1540’s - 1648?
- They did not call for a new crusade against unbelievers
Why did Spain decline as a world power in the 16th century?
- Bankruptcy stemming from costly European Wars
What is an encomienda?
- A grant from the Spanish crown giving an individual control over Indian labor in exchange for payment of taxes.
What did the Dominican friars believe?
- That the native people of America were equal to Spaniards in the eyes of God
What was Aztec statehood organized around?
- Kinship and clan networks
Were the Aztecs able to mount any successful attacks against the Spaniards?
- Yes; they just became too weak to succeed
What contributed to Spain’s successes against the Aztecs?
- Disease
How did the Spanish crown seek to prevent the growth of a powerful colonial aristocracy in the former Inca Empire?
- By ruling that encominendas would revert to the crown on the death of that holders rather than passing to the heirs
What contributed to the extensive population growth in Afro-Eurasia?
- The introduction of American crops
