Module 4 - Study Guide Flashcards
(78 cards)
Ottoman Empire: Young Turk Revolution (1908)
o 1908
o Coup against the sultan
o Turns empire into a constitutional monarchy
o Eager to break with British/French supervision
o Turn to Germany as a trade/investment partner
o Fight in WWI in alliance with Germany and Austria
Ottoman Empire: Kemal Ataturk
o Fights to liberate Anatolia
o Wins independence as Turkey (1922)
o Turns it into a secular nation-state
o Teaches the Latin alphabet
Ottoman Empire: Republic of Turkey
o Created by Kemal Ataturk
o When Anatolia split from the Ottoman Empire
Russian Empire: Crimean War
o 1854-5
o Britain and France inflict a major defeat on Russia
o Russia’s attempt at taking over the Middle East
o England, France, and the Ottomans declare war on Russia
Russian Empire: Tsar Alexander II’s “Great Reforms”
o Abolition of serfdom
o Encourages modernization
o “Emancipation Proclamation” (1861) frees serfs but makes them pay a lifetime tax for their freedom
Russian Empire: Trans-Siberian Railroad
o Part of Russia’s industrial revolution
o A railroad that goes across all of Russia
o Moderately successful
Russian Empire: Vladimir Lenin
o Leader of the Bolsheviks
o Takes over rule of Russia after Duma rule
o Says that intellectuals will lead the rebellion, not the workers
Russian Empire: Bolsheviks
o Said that socialism could come before industrialization
o Revolution should be led by a small elite of professional revolutionaries f
o Led by Lenin
Russian Empire: First Russian Revolution
o 1905
o Russia’s defeat by Japan weakened the tsar
o Army opened fire on a large group of lower-class protesters
o A full-scale strike paralyzed the country
o Nicholas II fears revolution creates the Duma
Chinese Empire: Unequal Treaties
o With Britain, France, and the USA
o Primarily agricultural -> Britain and opium
o China begins to be divided up among different countries
Chinese Empire: Spheres of Influence
o China was divided by Russia, Europe, and Japan
o Want huge economic privileges and military bases
Chinese Empire: Open Door Policy
o The US wants the entire world to be open for free trade
o More specifically, rights to trade with every nation
Chinese Empire:
Self-Strengthening Movement
o Wanted to restore China to its former glory
Chinese Empire: Sino-Japanese War
o 1894 – 1895
o Influence over Korea
o Demonstrated the failure of the Qing Empire’s attempts to modernize the military
Chinese Empire: Boxer Rebellion
o Aims to rid China of “foreign devils”
Chinese Empire: Sun Yat-Sen
o Leads the “Nationalist” anti-foreign movement
o Promotes the “pure” Chinese race (the Han)
o Brings in the Republic of China
Chinese Empire: Chinese Nationalism
o Brought in by the Han
o Led by Sun Yat-Sen
Chinese Empire: Republic of China
o 1911
o Replaced the Qing Dynasty
o Based on the Han ethnicity, democracy, and economic freedom
Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm
o More belligerent
o Arms race with Britain
o Claimed parts of N. Africa, E. Africa, and Pacific Islands
o Looked for his “American West”
Germany: Pan-Germanism
o Unite all German-speaking or even Germanic peoples in one “greater Germany”
o Many people outside of Germany speak German
o Alliance with Austria-Hungary
Japan: Meiji Restoration
o 1868
o Tokugawa Shogunate overthrown
o Mutsuhito Meiji installed as Emperor
o Reinvented tradition to bring a new sense of loyalty
Japan: Sino-Japanese War
- 1884-5
- Sino = Chinese
Japan: Russo-Japaneae War
- 1904-5
- Russo = Russian
o Japan wins
o Want a treaty from them, but end up claiming part of the country
US: “Anglo-Saxon Race”
o The white, English-speaking northern Europeans
o Josiah Strong believed that it was the responsibility of America to Anglo-Saxonize the world
o Bring freedom to the world
