Module 10 - 1 Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are the physiological roles of nucleotides?
Energy currency (ATP), signaling molecules (cAMP), enzyme co-factors (NAD, FAD), building blocks of nucleic acids.
What are the physiological roles of nucleic acids?
Genetic information (DNA,RNA), all stages of protein synthesis (DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).
Nucleotides are the building blocks of what?
Nucleic acids
What are the three components of nucleotides?
Ribose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine), phosphate(s).
What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
(RNA) Ribose is in a cyclized form (β-D-ribofuranose), while (DNA) deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom instead of a hydroxyl group on the 2’ carbon.
What are the two families of nitrogenous bases?
Purines and pyrimidines.
Characteristics of Pyrimidines
They have a single ring
Characteristics of Purines
they have a two ring system.
How does DNA differ from RNA?
DNA thymine and RNA has uracil
What are the five standard nitrogenous bases?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil.
How do nitrogenous bases link to ribose?
Through N-glycosidic bonds.
Where do all nitrogenous bases link to the sugar?
To the C1’
Where does the N-glycosidic bond form in purines?
N9 of the nitrogenous base.
Where does the N-glycosidic bond form in pyrimidines?
N1 of the nitrogenous base.
What is the difference between nucleotides and nucleosides?
Nucleotides have 1-3 phosphates on the 5’ position (one (NMP), two (NDP), three (NTP)), while nucleosides do not have any phosphates.
What is the nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides based on?
The nitrogenous base present, whether the sugar is ribose or deoxyribose, and whether there are phosphoryl groups.
What is the structure of ribose within nucleotides?
β-D-ribofuranose.
What is the difference between RNA and DNA in terms of sugar?
RNA contains ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose.
What is the difference between the fourth nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA?
DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil.
What is the difference between nucleotides and nucleosides?
Nucleotides are phosphorylated nucleosides.
What is the difference between NDP and NTP?
NDP has two phosphates on the 5’ position, while NTP has three phosphates on the 5’ position.
What is the difference between NMP and NDP?
NMP has one phosphate on the 5’ position, while NDP has two phosphates on the 5’ position.
What is the alternate method for naming nucleotides?
Number and position of phosphoryl groups
What is the physiological role of nucleotides?
Energy transfer and signal transduction
