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Neuroanatomy 2 > Module 10 > Flashcards

Module 10 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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0
Q

What is the mean age of onset of SCIs?

A

33

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1
Q

What is the definition of a spinal cord injury?

A

Usually begins with a sudden traumatic blow to the spine that fractures or dislocates vertebrae and destroys axons

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2
Q

What is the gender influence of SCIs?

A

Males 4:1

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3
Q

What is the prevalence of SCIs?

A

270,000

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4
Q

What is the incidence rate of SCIs?

A

12,000

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5
Q

What is the percent of SCIs due to MVA?

A

39.2%

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6
Q

What is the percent of SCIs due to falls?

A

28.3%

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7
Q

What is the percent of SCIs due to violence?

A

14.6%

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8
Q

What is the percent of SCIs due to sports?

A

8.2%

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9
Q

What is the percent of SCIs due to other/unknown causes?

A

9.7%

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10
Q

What a the diagnostic procedures for SCIs?

A

X-ray
Computerized tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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11
Q

What’s the treatment of SCIs?

A

Stabilization- preventing further injury
Fixation- fuse, rods, halo, replace bone, collars, LSOs
Rehabilitation- upright tolerance, bed mobility, other basics
Functional recovery-house
Community re-entry

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12
Q

What level of the vertebrae is required for independence?

A

C7

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13
Q

At what level of injury in the vertebrae is there problems breathing and need a ventilator?

A

C4 and up

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14
Q

What is associated with C5 in the neurological classification of SCI?

A

Elbow flexors

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15
Q

What is associated with C6 of the neurological classification of SCIs?

A

Wrist extensors

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16
Q

What is associated with C7 in the neurological classification of SCIs?

A

Elbow extensors

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17
Q

What is associated with C8 in the neurological classification of SCIs?

A

Finger flexors

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18
Q

What is associated with T1 in the neurological classification of SCIs?

A

Finger abductors

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19
Q

What is associated with L2 in the neurological classification of SCIs?

20
Q

What is associated with L3 in the neurological classification of SCIs?

Study These Flashcards
A

Knee extensors

21
Q

What is associated with L4 in the neurological classification of SCIs?

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A

Ankle dorsiflexors

22
Q

What is associated with L5 in the neurological classification of SCIs?

Study These Flashcards
A

Long toe extensors

23
Q

What is associated with S1 in the neurological classification of SCIs?

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A

Ankle plantar flexors

24
What does ASIA stand for?
American spinal injury association
25
What is the classification of ASIA A?
Complete- no sensory or motor function preserved in sacral segments S4-S5
26
What is the classification of ASIA B?
Incomplete- sensory but not motor function preserved below neurological level and includes sacral segments S4-S5
27
What is the classification of ASIA C?
Motor function is preserved below neurological level, and more than half of key muscles below neurological level have a muscle grade less than three
28
What is the classification of ASIA D?
Incomplete- motor function is preserved below neurological level, and at least half of key muscles below neurological levels have a muscle grade greater than or equal to 3
29
What is the classification of ASIA E?
Sensory and motor function is normal.
30
What is quadriplegia or tetraplegia?
Paralysis of all 4 extremities and trunk resulting from cervical spine lesion
31
What is paraplegia?
Paralysis of part of trunk and booth lower extremities from thoracic, lumbar, or caudally equina lesion.
32
What is a neurological level?
Most caudal level of spinal cord with normal motor and sensory function bilaterally
33
What two levels make up the neurological level?
Motor level and sensory level
34
What is a motor level?
Most caudal level of spinal cord with normal motor function bilaterally
35
What is a sensory level?
Most caudal level of spinal cord with normal sensory function bilaterally
36
What are the categories of classification for a SCI?
Complete-no sensory or motor function in lowest sacral segments S4-5 Incomplete- sensory and/or motor function below neurological level including sensory and/or motor of S4-5 Zones of partial preservation- sensory and/or motor function below neurological level excluding S4-5
37
What are the different syndromes that could be part of a SCI?
``` Anterior cord syndrome Posterior cord syndrome Central cord syndrome Brown-sequard syndrome Conus medullaris lesion Cauda equina lesion ```
38
What is anterior cord syndrome?
More sensory neurons Lesions involving anterior two thirds of spinal cord; posterior columns preserved; variable loss of motor function (corticospinal tract) and sensitivity to pain/temperature,pinprick sensation (spinothalamic tract); preservation of proprioception/light touch
39
What is posterior cord syndrome?
Lesion involving posterior columns; proprioceptive loss (dorsal columns); pain, temperature, light touch are preserved; variable motor function preserved.
40
What is central cord syndrome?
Lesion involving center of spinal cord; sacral sensory sparing, greater motor weakness in UE than LE; bladder dysfunction, most commonly urinary retention; variations sensory loss below level of lesion. Cause may be due to burst fracture.
41
What is brown-Sequard syndrome?
Gun shots/knife/axe Lesion involving spinal cord hemi-section; ipsilateral motor and proprioception deficits; contralateral pain and temperature deficits
42
What is conus medullaris lesion?
Lesion involving injury to the sacral cord (conus) and lumbar nerve roots within the spinal canal; usually results in areflexic bladder and bowel; areflexic lower limbs (low lesion)
43
What is cauda equina lesion?
Lesion involving injury to the cauda equina; lower motor neuron; results in areflexic bladder, bowel and lower limbs.
44
What are the drugs used in a SCI?
Acute SCI- medrol: steroid to help stop swelling OH- ephedrine: helps get body up and moving and keeps blood pressure up Spasticity- Baclofen Pain- Vicodin Insomnia- ambien DVT- Coumadin: prevents clots and thins blood.
45
What a the direct implications of SCIs?
Spinal shock- spine shuts down Autonomic dysreflexia- initiates autonomic nervous system if uncomfortable or catheter kinked Orthostatic hypotension- BP drop: use compression clothes Thermoregulation impairment- cant sweat or cool themselves, must wet themselves down Respiratory impairment- hard time coughing, need a cough assist or hands to push under diaphragm Spasticity Bladder and bowel dysfunction- need program to stimulate bladder: teach them to pee at a certain time of day Sexual dysfunction
46
What are indirect impairments of a SCI?
``` Respiratory complications- anemonia Pressure sores Deep vein thrombosis Contractures Heterotropic (ectopic) ossification- bone develops extra bone in joints or muscle Pain ```
47
What are the implications for O and P for SCI patients?
``` Spasticity-stretch and brace Contracture control Standing/gait (>t12= RGO,

Neuroanatomy 2 (8 decks)

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