Flashcards in Module 8 Deck (92)
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What is another name for stroke?
Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
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What is stroke?
An acute onset of neurological dysfunction due to an abnormality in a cerebral circulation with resultant signs and symptoms that correspond to involvement of focal areas of the brain.
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What number is stroke in regards to death?
Number four
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What number is stroke in regards to disability?
Number one
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Are males or females more likely to have stroke?
Females
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What is the prevalence rate of stroke?
7,000,000
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What is the incidence rate of stroke?
750,000
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What is the mortality rate of stroke?
140,000
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What are the modifiable risk factors?
TIA
HTN
obesity
Alcohol
Smoking
Heart disease
Diabetes mellitus
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What are the un-modifiable risk factors?
Age
Race
Gender
Prior stroke
Family history of stroke
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What are the symptoms of a transient ischemic attack?
Loss of balance
Numbness in the face
Small stroke
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What are the diagnostic procedures for stroke?
Blood panel
Diagnostic imaging-
ECG/EKG, echocardiogram, CT or MRI, ultrasound transcranial Doppler
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What percent of strokes are ischemic?
87%
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What aspects make up an ischemic stroke?
Cerebral thrombosis
Cerebral embolism
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What percent of strokes are hemorrhagic strokes?
13%
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What aspects make up a hemorrhagic stroke?
Intracerebral
Subarachnoid
Arteriovenous malformation
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What are the symptoms of a right hemisphere stroke?
Left hemiparesis
Left hemi-sensory loss
Visual-perceptual deficits
Impulsive/poor judgement
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What are the symptoms of a left hemisphere stroke?
Right hemiparesis
Right hemi-sensory loss
Slow and cautious behavior
Speech/language deficits
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What is the anterior cerebral artery syndrome (ACA)?
Branch of internal carotid artery.
Supplies medial cerebral hemisphere (frontal and parietal lobes) and subcritical structures.
Contralateral hemiparesis, sensory loss LE>UE, and usually no facial involvement.
Memory problems
Motor weakness
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What is middle cerebral artery syndrome (MCA)?
Branch of internal carotid artery
Supplies lateral cerebral hemisphere (frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes) and subcortical structures.
Most common site of occlusion in stroke
Contralateral spastic hemiparesis, sensory loss, UE and face> LE.
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What is the internal carotid artery syndrome (ICA)?
Supplies anterior and middle cerebral arteries
Complete occlusion usually results in death
Incomplete occlusion procedure combination of ACA and MCA characteristics
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What is the posterior cerebral artery syndrome (PCA)?
Supplies occipital, medial and inferior temporal lobes, upper brain stem, midbrain, and posterior diencephalon.
Contralateral hemiplegia, sensory loss, visual impairments, and thalamic pain syndrome
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What causes lacunar syndromes?
Deep small vessel disease and are consistent with specific anatomical sites
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What are the symptoms of lacunar syndrome?
Poor memory
Weaker areas
Areas of cell death
Punumbra
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What is the definition of punumbra?
Cell area around it that are effected because first cell death cause further cell death.
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What is vertebrobasilar artery syndrome?
Supplies cerebellum, medulla, pons, and internal ear.
Complete occlusion frequently results in death
Incomplete occlusion procedures tremendous variety of symptoms ipsilaterally and contralaterally including locked-in syndrome, bulbar palsy, Wallenberg's syndrome, vestibular deficits, and cerebellar deficits.
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What are the drugs used for stroke?
Thrombus-Caumadin
Hypertension-procardia
Seizure-Dilantin
Spasticity-Baclofen
Pain-Vicodin
Insomnia-Ambien
Depression-Paxil
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What is the rehabilitation process?
Medically stable
Functional recovery potential
Strength impairments
Sensory and perceptual impairments
Coordination impairments
Balance impairments
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Who's part of the rehabilitation team?
Patient and family
Physician
Nurse
PT/O/ST/OP
Case manager
Social worker
Neuropsychologist
Recreational therapist
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