module 10 Exam 4 Flashcards by Hailey Fawson

What is leukemia characterized according to

cell type and maturation

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what is the etiology of leukemia

unknown

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Is leukemia acute or chronic

both

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what is leukemia characterized by

unrestrained growth of leukocytes

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what is the most common leukemia in children

acute leukemia

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what is actue leukemia

accumulation of immature functionless WBC’s in the marrow and blood

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what is the onset of acute leukemia

sudden

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What are the normal WBC count in acute leukemia

4,400-10,000

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is there a good prognosis for acute leukemia in children? adults?

yes

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what is the onset of chronic leukemia

slow, better prognosis

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what is chronic leukemia

larger numbers of mature WBC

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What are symptoms of leukemia

poor healing, fever, bleeding, weakness, recurrent infections, enlarged lymphnodes, tonsils, spleen

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what are oral symptoms of leukemia

hyperplasia, oral ulcerations, hemorrhage of mucous membranes

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what is a lymphoma

cancer of lymphoid organs and tissues, discrete tissue masses

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what is the 7th most common malignancy

lymphoma

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what are the 3 types of lymphomas

hodgkins, non-hodgkins, burkitts lymphoma

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what is hodgkins disease

non tender swelling of lymph nodes

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who does hodgkins occur in

early childhood and 50’s

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what is the etiology of hodgkins

unknown

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what is non-hodgkins lymphoma

disorder of B or T cells, non tender swelling of lymph nodes, symptoms similar to hodgkins

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what is the etiology of non-hodgkins

unknown

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what is burkitts lymphoma

agressive B cell proliferation, associated with AIDS, arise at extranodal sites

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What is a diagnostic tool of burkitts lymphoma

-tumors of the jaw, abdominal tumors, (jaw more common in 5yrs old)

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What is the Burkitts lymphoma diagnosis based on

radiographic appearance, osteolytic leisons of the mandible

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what are the dental manifestations of burkitts lymphoma

- ging enlargement associated with underlying bone manifestations - gingi bleeding - enlarged lymph nodes - exaggerated inflammation

what is the medical treatment of WBC disorders

radiation and chemotherapy

what is the dental management of WBC disorders

- MD consult - optimal OH, artificial saliva, fl2 - premed may be necessary

what medication is used in tx of WBC disorders

prednisone

What is anesthesia

reversible lack of awareness

What is total lack of awareness

general anesthesia

what can be depressed in anesthesia

``` auditory tactile pain visual respiratory ```

What is in the CNS

brain, spinal cord

What does local anesthesia block

- nerve impulse at cellular level | - sodium channels in nerve membrane

What is regional anesthesia

larger number of nerves blocked than local anesthesia

what is sedation

- IV (most common) - IM - ihalation

What are the advantages of general anesthesia

- eliminate awareness and recall - muscle relaxation - control of airway - rapid and reversible

What are the medications used for the induction of general anesthesia

- pentothal (thiopental)* | - Propofol (diprivan)*

what are the advantages of induction meds for GA

rapid onset/recovery | less nausea

What are paralytic drugs in the induction of GA

succinycholine chloride (succinylcholine)*

what do paralytic drugs facitilate in GA

intubation

CNS drugs have what kind of effect

an addictive effect

barbituates and alcohol taken alone cause sedative effects, if taken together cause:

death

a stimulant drug does not cancel_______

a depressant

Low doses of some depressants often cause

excitation

What CNS medication causes some children to get excited

demerol*

What is analgesia

reduction or relief of pain, pressure sensation still exists

What is anesthesia

lack of sensation, lack of pain

What usually accompanies analgesia

anesthesia

What are the planes of anesthesia?

Stage 1, II, III, IV

What is stage 1 in the planes of anesthesia

- analgesia | - reduced pain sensation, conscious, CAN RESPOND,

what terminates stage 1 in the planes of anesthesia

loss of conciousness

What stage does nitrous maintain the patient in

stage 1

What is stage II in the planes of anesthesia

delirium or excitement

what is initiated in stage II of the planes of anesthesia

unconciousness

what is stage II in the planes of anesthesia associated with

involuntary movement and excitement

What is stage III in the planes of anesthesia

surgical anesthesia

What is stage IV in the planes of anesthesia

-immediate reversal or death, respiration stops

What are anxiety disorders

panic disorders, phobias, OCD, PTSD, substance induced

What are mood disorders

depression, bipolar

What are factitious disorders

person acts as if they have a physical or mental illness- conciously created

what are somatoform disorders

body dysmorphic disorder, hypochonriasis, pain disorder

what is body dysmorphic disorder

imagined ugliness

acrophobia

fear of heights

agoraphobia

fear of leaving a familiar setting

algophobia

fear of pain

arachnophobia

fear of spiders

mysophobia

fear of dirt or germs

what is the action of benzodiazepines

sedating, reduce anxiety, induce relaxation, produce amnesia

What are the positive facts about benzodiazepines

-more selective -fewer side effects and drug interactions lower addictive potential

is alcohol and LA ok with benzodiazepines

yes

what are benzodiazepines that can be given in IV sedation dentistry

- diazepam (Valium) Prototype* - midazolam (versed)* - Flumazenil(Romazicon) ANTAGONIST*

what are oral benzodiazepines

diazepam (valium)* chlordiazepoxide (Librium)* alprazolam (xanax)*

What is the date rape benzodiazepine illegal in the US

flunitrazepam (rohypnol)* roofies

What are some benzodiazepine like drugs that cause insomnia

-lunesta, ambien

What happens when ambien or lunesta is combined with alcohol

-respiratory depression -seizure hypotension hypothermia coma death

what do barbituates cause

moderate sedation | sedative hypnotics

what are safer than barbituates

benzodiazepine

what are barbituates still used for

anticonvlsants, induce general anesthesia

what are anesthesia induction drugs

-thiopental (pentothal)* -pentobarbital (Nembutal)* -phenobarbital (Luminal)* propofol (diprivan)*

what is the induction and duration of propofol

40 sec | 5-10 min

what is a non barbituate sedative/hypnotic

``` chloral hydrate (noctec) mprobamate (miltown) ```

What are reversal drugs

naloxone (narcan)* | flumazenil (mazicon)*

What are tricyclic antidepressants

block the reuptake of serotonin and norepi

what is a TCA drug

amitriptyline (elavil)*

What is an SSRI

affects serotonin and not NOrepi

What are some of the most commonly prescribed antidepressants

celexa, lexapro, prozac, zolof, paxil

what are the side effects of antidepressants

xerostomia

module 10 Exam 4 Flashcards

(87 cards)