Module 7 Exam 3

Question 1

What works together to control intricate functions of the body

Answer 1

endocrine and nervous system

Question 2

what kinds of glands does the endocrine system have

Answer 2

ductless glands

Question 3

What do the endocrine glands include

Answer 3

pitutiary, pineal, adrenal, hypothalmus, testes/ovaries, parathyroid, thryoid, pancreas, hypothalmus

Question 4

What is the purpose of the endocrine system

Answer 4

to maintain homeostasis

Question 5

What are drugs that effect the endocrine system

Answer 5

• synthetic hormone agonists/antagonists

- drugs that affect the synthesis and secretion of hormones

Question 6

What does the hypothalmus do

Answer 6

releases hormones that stimulate the pitutary

Question 7

what is the pitutiary

Answer 7

• master gland

- influence on hormone secretion

Question 8

What is hyperthyroidism

Answer 8

-thyroid hormone antagonists reduce the serum levels by interfering with sythesis of hormone, and release of hormone

Question 9

What may initial tx be of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 9

-beta blockers»»»

Question 10

What is Radioactive Iodine as a hyperthyroid drug

Answer 10

• destroys part of the gland
• after tx pt must take supplements for life
• most all become hypothyroid

Question 11

Is hyper or hypo thyroid easier to treat

Answer 11

hypo

Question 12

What do hyperthyroid drugs do

Answer 12

block the way the thyroid gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormone

Question 13

What is the hyperthyroid drug we should know

Answer 13

methimazole (tapazole) 10 times more potent than PTU

Question 14

what is another hyperthyroid drug which causes leukopenia and liver damage and is no longer recommended

Answer 14

propylthiuracil (PTU)

Question 15

What does Tapazole and PTU interfere with

Answer 15

iodine uptake

Question 16

WHat is the hypothyroid drug we should know

Answer 16

sythroid (levothyroxine, levothyroid)

Question 17

what is synthroid

Answer 17

-synthetic T4 (converted to active t3)

Question 18

Which drug is the drug of choice in hypothyroid

Answer 18

synthroid (levothyroid, levothyroxine)

Question 19

Which hypothyroid drug is a synthetic T3 that is hard to monitor and requires multiple dosing

Answer 19

cytomel

Question 20

Which hypothyroid drug is synthetic T4 and T3

Answer 20

liotrix (thyrolar)

Question 21

What is thyroid hormone (armour thyroid)

Answer 21

-mfg from desicated pig, beef or sheep thyroid gland, contains iodidne, difficult to monitor

Question 22

What do oral hypoglycemics do

Answer 22

stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to release insulin, only work when there are beta cells (Type 2)

Question 23

What are oral hypoglycemics used in conjunction with

Answer 23

diet, weight control, exercise

Question 24

What was the first oral agent used in tx of type 2 diebetes which stimulates beta cells, increases sensitivity of insulin receptors and glucose transport

Answer 24

sulfonylureas

Question 25

What is the first generation oral hypoglycemic?*

Answer 25

chlorpropamide (diabinese) PROTOTYPE

Question 26

what is the second generation oral hypoglycemic? *

Answer 26

tolbutamine (orinase)

Question 27

Sulfonylureas can lower blood glucose by ____ %

Answer 27

20

Question 28

What second generation oral hypoglycemic med should we know

Answer 28

glipizide (glucotrol)

Question 29

What is a meglitinide medication which has faster onset *

Answer 29

repaglinide (prandin)

Question 30

What is a newer class of oral hypoglycemics and increases insulin secretion and is similar to sulfonyureas

Answer 30

meglitinides

Question 31

What is subcutaneous antidiabetis

Answer 31

use of insulin sub Q when pancreas cant produce enough insulin for glucose intake

Question 32

when did we have the first recombinant(human) insulin

Answer 32

1982

Question 33

What is a rapid acting subcutaneous antidiabetic? *

Answer 33

insulin aspart (NovoLog)

Question 34

What is a short acting subcutaneous antidiabetic?*

Answer 34

insulin regular (Humulin-R)

Question 35

What is a intermediate acting subcutaneous antidiabetic? *

Answer 35

insulin NPH (Humulin-N)

Question 36

What is a long acting subcutaneous antidiabetic?

Answer 36

insulin glargine (lantus)

Question 37

What are dental precautions with patients who take insulin

Answer 37

-epi -asprin/NSAID -tetracycline corticosteroids Alcohol

Question 38

What is addisons disease*

Answer 38

hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone by adrenal cortex

Question 39

what is cushings*

Answer 39

condition caused by excessive corticosteroid secretion by the adrenal glands or by corticosteroid therapy

Question 40

what are the adrenocortical hormones

Answer 40

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens

Question 41

What are the mechanisms of action in glucocorticoids

Answer 41

-bind to the receptor,complex moves into the nucleus and turns gene on or off

Question 42

What are side effects of corticosteriods proportional to

Answer 42

the dose ex:cushings

Question 43

what are side effects of corticosteriods

Answer 43

elevated blood glucose decreased resistance to infection changes in behavior and personality peptic ulcers

Question 44

what are 2 medications we need to know that are corticosteriods *

Answer 44

``` -hydrocortisone (cortaid) topical -dexamethasone (decadron) immunosuppression -prednisone (delasone) -triamcinolone (kenalog) ```

Question 45

What are the oral effects of corticosteriods

Answer 45

- surfaces heal slower - more susceptible to infection - Inhalers: possible candidiasis, xerostomia

Question 46

What are the dental use of corticosteriods

Answer 46

- oral leisons - non infectious diseases (erythema mulitformae, lichen planus, desquamative gingivits) - TMJ, arthritis inflammation - Oral Surgery (reduce post op edema)