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Dental Meds > Module 5 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Module 5 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are cardiovascular disorders classified as?

A
  • hypertension
  • angina pectoris
  • heart failure
  • arrhythmias
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2
Q

What is hypertension?

A

sustained elevation in aterial pressure due to the amount of blood in the vessel being greater than the space available

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3
Q

What is the main function of the heart?

A

to recieve blood from the body at a low pressure and pump it out to the body at a high enough pressure so it can be pumped back to the heart

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4
Q

In treating HTN:
Can we change the length of vessels?
diameter of vessels?
Can we alter the volume within the vessels?
viscosity of intravascular fluid?

A

No
yes
yes
yes

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5
Q

What do antihypertensive drugs act on?

A

-vascular, cardiac, renal and sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of antihypertensive drugs?

A
  • lower B/P
  • decrease cardiac output
  • decrease peripherial vascular resistance
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7
Q

WHat is the resting caricac output?

A

5 liters/min

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8
Q

What is blood pressure regulated by?

A

SNS-PNS-Kidneys

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9
Q

How do kidneys form urine?

A

filtration mechanisms

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10
Q

WHat are kidneys major regulators of?

A

water, electrolytes, acid-base balance

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11
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidneys?

A

nephron

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12
Q

What is the function of the nephron?

A

filtration, absorbtion, secretion

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13
Q

What were the first drugs used in the tx of hypertension?

A

diuretics

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14
Q

what is the protoype diuretic drug

A

HCTZ

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15
Q

How do diuretics act?

A
  • by increasing the volume of urine production-inhibit the re-absorbtion of Na in the distal tubules
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16
Q

What are the three classes of diuretics?

A

thiazides
loop
potassium sparing

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17
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics?

A

-dehydration
-orthostatic hypotension
xeriostomia

18
Q

WHat is the primar or inital diuretic to treat HTN?

A

Thiazide

19
Q

Wher do thiazide diuretics act?

A

distal tubule ( inhibit reabsorbiton of NaCl, increases Na concentration, increased urination)

20
Q

What are adverse reactions of thiazide diuretics?

A

-Hypokalemia
-hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
loss of electrolytes
hyperuricemia
xerostomia
orthostatic hypertension

21
Q

What is hypokalemia in HTN tx?

A

low blood potassium

-increase excretion of potassium, may need supplements, pt taking digitalis will most likely take potassium

22
Q

What will hyperlipidemia in thiazides do?

A

may increase total cholesterol

23
Q

what will loss of electrolytes in the use of thiazides do?

A

cause arrhythmias

24
Q

What will hyperuricemia in the use of thiazides do?

A

increased uric acid, primary concern is a pt with gout

25
Q

What drugs do thiazides interact with?

A

NSAIDs
Digoxin
Epi

26
Q

What is the interaction between NSAIDS and Thiazides?

A

can decrease the effectiveness
promote salt and water retetnion
can result in rapid elevation of BP

27
Q

What is the interaction between digoxin and thiazides?

A

potential for arrythmias

28
Q

What is the reaction between epi and thiazides?

A

-beta blockers indirectly cause vasoconstriction

29
Q

Epinephrine along with the use of thiazides should be limited to

A

cardiac dose (.04 mg)

30
Q

What are some examples of thiazide drugs?

A

Lotensin (benazeprilO

Diuril (chlorothiazide)

31
Q

What diruetics are the most effective?

A

Loop

32
Q

What are more potent than thiazides?

A

Loop

33
Q

Where do loopi diurectics act?

A

-inhibit reabsorbtion of NaCl in the kidney (loop of henle) and the distal tubules

34
Q

What is used when rapid diuresis is needed (CHF)?

A

loop

35
Q

What are side effects of Loop Diurectis?

A

-postural hypotension, xerostomia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

36
Q

What is the prototype loop diuretic drug?

A

Lasix

37
Q

what is the most common loop diuretic drug?

A

Lasix

38
Q

What is another name for Lasix?

A

Furosemide

39
Q

Where do potassium-sparing diuretics act?

A

distal tubule

40
Q

What do potassium-sparing diruretcis do?

A

inhibit na reabsorbtion with a reduction of K excretion

41
Q

potassium-sparing diuretics are often used in conjunction with what

A

Thiazides

Dental Meds (12 decks)

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