Module 5 Exam 2

Question 1

What are cardiovascular disorders classified as?

Answer 1

• hypertension
• angina pectoris
• heart failure
• arrhythmias

Question 2

What is hypertension?

Answer 2

sustained elevation in aterial pressure due to the amount of blood in the vessel being greater than the space available

Question 3

What is the main function of the heart?

Answer 3

to recieve blood from the body at a low pressure and pump it out to the body at a high enough pressure so it can be pumped back to the heart

Question 4

In treating HTN:
Can we change the length of vessels?
diameter of vessels?
Can we alter the volume within the vessels?
viscosity of intravascular fluid?

Answer 4

No
yes
yes
yes

Question 5

What do antihypertensive drugs act on?

Answer 5

-vascular, cardiac, renal and sympathetic nervous system

Question 6

What is the mechanism of antihypertensive drugs?

Answer 6

• lower B/P
• decrease cardiac output
• decrease peripherial vascular resistance

Question 7

WHat is the resting caricac output?

Answer 7

5 liters/min

Question 8

What is blood pressure regulated by?

Answer 8

SNS-PNS-Kidneys

Question 9

How do kidneys form urine?

Answer 9

filtration mechanisms

Question 10

WHat are kidneys major regulators of?

Answer 10

water, electrolytes, acid-base balance

Question 11

What is the functional unit of the kidneys?

Answer 11

nephron

Question 12

What is the function of the nephron?

Answer 12

filtration, absorbtion, secretion

Question 13

What were the first drugs used in the tx of hypertension?

Answer 13

diuretics

Question 14

what is the protoype diuretic drug

Answer 14

HCTZ

Question 15

How do diuretics act?

Answer 15

• by increasing the volume of urine production-inhibit the re-absorbtion of Na in the distal tubules

Question 16

What are the three classes of diuretics?

Answer 16

thiazides
loop
potassium sparing

Question 17

What are the side effects of diuretics?

Answer 17

-dehydration
-orthostatic hypotension
xeriostomia

Question 18

WHat is the primar or inital diuretic to treat HTN?

Answer 18

Thiazide

Question 19

Wher do thiazide diuretics act?

Answer 19

distal tubule ( inhibit reabsorbiton of NaCl, increases Na concentration, increased urination)

Question 20

What are adverse reactions of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 20

-Hypokalemia
-hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
loss of electrolytes
hyperuricemia
xerostomia
orthostatic hypertension

Question 21

What is hypokalemia in HTN tx?

Answer 21

low blood potassium

-increase excretion of potassium, may need supplements, pt taking digitalis will most likely take potassium

Question 22

What will hyperlipidemia in thiazides do?

Answer 22

may increase total cholesterol

Question 23

what will loss of electrolytes in the use of thiazides do?

Answer 23

cause arrhythmias

Question 24

What will hyperuricemia in the use of thiazides do?

Answer 24

increased uric acid, primary concern is a pt with gout

Question 25

What drugs do thiazides interact with?

Answer 25

NSAIDs Digoxin Epi

Question 26

What is the interaction between NSAIDS and Thiazides?

Answer 26

can decrease the effectiveness promote salt and water retetnion can result in rapid elevation of BP

Question 27

What is the interaction between digoxin and thiazides?

Answer 27

potential for arrythmias

Question 28

What is the reaction between epi and thiazides?

Answer 28

-beta blockers indirectly cause vasoconstriction

Question 29

Epinephrine along with the use of thiazides should be limited to

Answer 29

cardiac dose (.04 mg)

Question 30

What are some examples of thiazide drugs?

Answer 30

Lotensin (benazeprilO | Diuril (chlorothiazide)

Question 31

What diruetics are the most effective?

Answer 31

Loop

Question 32

What are more potent than thiazides?

Answer 32

Loop

Question 33

Where do loopi diurectics act?

Answer 33

-inhibit reabsorbtion of NaCl in the kidney (loop of henle) and the distal tubules

Question 34

What is used when rapid diuresis is needed (CHF)?

Answer 34

loop

Question 35

What are side effects of Loop Diurectis?

Answer 35

-postural hypotension, xerostomia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

Question 36

What is the prototype loop diuretic drug?

Answer 36

Lasix

Question 37

what is the most common loop diuretic drug?

Answer 37

Lasix

Question 38

What is another name for Lasix?

Answer 38

Furosemide

Question 39

Where do potassium-sparing diuretics act?

Answer 39

distal tubule

Question 40

What do potassium-sparing diruretcis do?

Answer 40

inhibit na reabsorbtion with a reduction of K excretion

Question 41

potassium-sparing diuretics are often used in conjunction with what

Answer 41

Thiazides