module 10 neuro intro Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in module 10 neuro intro Deck (30)
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1
Q

motor cortex is located

A

in the frontal lobe

2
Q

cerebellum aids in

A
coordinating voluntary movement 
proprioception
muscle tone
equilibrium 
posture
3
Q

brainstem controls

A

involuntary functions

  • heart rate
  • breathing
4
Q

cranial nerves originate from

A

the brainstem

5
Q

upper motor neurons

A

motor pathways
originate and terminate within the CNS
primary role: spinal reflex arcs
affect movement only through Lower motor neurons

6
Q

lower motor neurons

A

originate in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and extend into PNS
transmit signals to muscles for movement

7
Q

differential dx for CNS

A
MS
sz disorder
encephalitis
meningitis
intracranial tumors
stroke
8
Q

differential dx for PNS

A
myasthenia gravis
guillain-barre syndrome
trigeminal neuralgia 
bells palsy 
peripheral neuropathy
9
Q

meningitis tests

A

nuchal rigidity
brudzinski sign
kernigs sign

10
Q

praxis

A

use of tools

11
Q

anosmia

A

impairment or loss of smell

12
Q

CN V examination

A
3 branches; motor and sensory
face: atrophy or tremors
jaw: tone and strength; masseter strength 
pain and sensation 
corneal reflex
13
Q

CN V deficites

A

facial pain
diminished or absent corneal reflex
chewing dysfunction

14
Q

CN VII facial examination

A

facial expressions and taste

  • symmetry
  • taste
15
Q

CN VII deficits

A

facial weakness/paralysis: bells palsy

diminished or absent taste

16
Q

CVIII acoustic examination

A

sensory: hearing and balance
bone and air conduction: Rinne
sound lateralization: weber

17
Q

CVIII deficits

A

tinnitus
vertigo
hearing deficits

18
Q

CN IX glossopharyngeal examination

A

motor and sensory: taste and swallowing

  • taste
  • gag reflex and swallow
19
Q

CN IX deficits

A

difficulty swallowing

loss of gag reflex

20
Q

CN X vagus examination

A

motor and sensory: swallowing and speech
inspect palate and uvula for symmetry: stick out tongue say ahh
swallow
guttural speech sounds

21
Q

CN X deficits

A

dysarthria
vocal paralysis
dysphagia

22
Q

CN XI spinal accessory examination

A

motor: muscle strength

- shoulder shrug with resistance

23
Q

CN XI deficits

A

drooping or shoulder weakness

weakness or paralysis of head rotation, flexion, extension

24
Q

CN XII hypoglossal examination

A

motor: tongue strength
- movement
- lingual speech sounds

25
Q

CN XII deficits

A

tongue deviation
tongue paralysis
difficulty talking, chewing, swallowing

26
Q

testing cerebellar function

A

coordination and fine motor skills

- rapid rhythmic alternating movements (RAM)

27
Q

accuracy of movements (cerebellar)

A

finger to finger test
finger to nose test
heel to shin test

28
Q

Balance: cerebellar

A
equilibrium 
- Romberg test
- standing on one foot 
Gait: 
- observe gait
- heel-toe walking
29
Q

Sensory function: cerebellar

A
with pts eyes closed 
Observe for
- asymmetry
- interpretation of sensation 
- discrimination 
- location 
Touch
Pain
Temperature and deep pressure
Vibration
Position of joints
30
Q

cortical sensory functions

A

stereognosis: identify familiar objects with eyes closed
two-point discrimination
extinction phenomenon: bilateral touch equal
graphesthesis: draw in pt palm, identify
point location

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