week 4 module 13 vessel disorders

Question 1

temporal arteritis patho

Answer 1

inflammatory disease of the branches of the aortic arch

Question 2

temporal arteritis subjective

Answer 2

usually older than 50
flu-like symptoms
- fever, malaise, anorexia 
HA
ocular symptoms, loss of vision 
ischemia -> tongue pain and jaw claudication

Question 3

temporal arteritis objective

Answer 3

area over the temporal artery may be red, swollen, tender, and nodular

Question 4

arterial aneurysm patho

Answer 4

localized dilation, generally 1.5x the diameter of normal artery, caused by a weakness in the arterial wall

Question 5

arterial aneurysm subjective

Answer 5

generally asymptomatic until they dissect or compress and adjacent structure
with dissection: severe ripping pain

Question 6

arterial aneurysm objective

Answer 6

pulsatile swelling along the course of an artery

thrill or bruit may be evident over the aneurysm

Question 7

arteriovenous fistula patho

Answer 7

pathologic communication between an artery and vein

Question 8

arteriovenous fistula subjective

Answer 8

lower extremity edema
varicose veins
claudication due to ischemia

Question 9

arteriovenous fistula objective

Answer 9

continuous bruit or thrill over the area of the fistula

edema or ischemia may develop

Question 10

Peripheral arterial disease patho

Answer 10

stenosis of the blood supply to the extremities by atherosclerotic plaques

Question 11

peripheral arterial disease subjective

Answer 11

pain in muscle after exercise, gone with rest

Question 12

peripheral arterial disease objective

Answer 12

limb appears healthy, but pulses are weak/absent
progressive stenosis -> ischemia -> pain at rest
cold and numb
dry and scaling
poor hair and nail growth

Question 13

Raynaud’s patho

Answer 13

exaggerated spasm of the digital arterioles in response to cold exposure

• usually among young, healthy individuals. usually women
• secondary: r/t underlying CT disease: scleroderma or lupus

Question 14

raynaud’s subjective

Answer 14

involved areas feel cold, achy
-improve on rewarming
secondary raynaud: intense pain from ischemia

Question 15

Raynaud’s objective

Answer 15

triphasic demarcated skin pallor (white), cyanosis (blue), and reperfusion (red)
Can last from minutes to less than an hour
Secondary: ulcers may appear on tips of digits -> skin eventually smooth, shiny, and tight

Question 16

arterial embolic disease patho

Answer 16

emboli dispersed through the arterial system

Question 17

arterial embolic disease subjective

Answer 17

pain

paresthesias possible

Question 18

arterial embolic disease objective

Answer 18

occlusion of small arteries and necrosis of the tissue supplied by that vessel
- blue toe syndrome
with endocarditis: splinter hemorrhages seen in nail beds

Question 19

venous thrombus patho

Answer 19

can occur suddenly or gradually

Question 20

venous thrombus subjective

Answer 20

tenderness in area

pulmonary embolism may occur without warning

Question 21

venous thrombus objective

Answer 21

swelling
minimal ankle edema
low grade fever
tachycardia

Question 22

tricuspid regurgitation patho

Answer 22

backflow of the blood into the right atrium during systole

Question 23

tricuspid regurg. subjective

Answer 23

mild to moderate: no s/s

severe: RSHF; ascites, peripheral edema

Question 24

tricuspid regurg. objecitive

Answer 24

the v wave is much more prominent
holosystolic murmur in the tricuspid region
pulsatile live
peripheral edema

Question 25

kawasaki disease patho

Answer 25

small vessel vasculitic illness that may result in the development of coronary artery aneurysms - more common in boys - immune-mediated blood vessel damage can occur

Question 26

kawasaki subjective

Answer 26

``` fever lasting >5 days wt loss fatigue myalgias arthritis ```

Question 27

kawasaki objective

Answer 27

``` fever conjunctival infection strawberry tongue edema of hands and feet lymphadenopathy polymorphous nonvesicular rashes ```

Question 28

venous ulcers subjective

Answer 28

asymptomatic in early stages leg heaviness discomfort progressing to edema and ulceration

Question 29

venous ulcers objective

Answer 29

generally found on the medial or lateral aspects of the lower limbs induration edema hyperpigmentation