week 5 module 14 resp. exam

Question 1

evaluate respirations for the following

Answer 1

rate
quality
rhythm
pattern
note any audible sounds with respiration
abnormalities

Question 2

patterns of respiration

Answer 2

tachypnea
bradypnea
hyperpnea
kussmaul
hypopnea
cheyne-stokes
biot

Question 3

cheyne stokes

Answer 3

regular breathing with apneic episodes

Question 4

biot

Answer 4

irregular breathing with apnic episodes

Question 5

abnormalities when observing respirations

Answer 5

use of accessory muscles
retractions
paradoxic breathing

Question 6

anterior landmarks

Answer 6

midsternal

midclavicular

Question 7

lateral landmarks

Answer 7

axillary

Question 8

posterior landmarks

Answer 8

vertebral
scapular
spinous process

Question 9

palpation of thoracic muscles/skeleton

Answer 9

tenderness
bulges
depression
masses
thoracic expansion
elasticity of rib cage

Question 10

tactile fremitus

Answer 10

parasternally at 2nd ICS

palpable vibration of the chest wall that results from speech or other verbalizations

Question 11

crepitus

Answer 11

crackly or crinkly sensation

• indicates air in the subcutaneous tissue
• rupture somewhere in the resp. system
• infection with gas-producing organism

Question 12

friction rub

Answer 12

palpable
coarse
grating vibration

Question 13

percussion tone indicators for lungs

Answer 13

resonance: normal
hyperresonance: hyperinflation
dullness: diminished air exchange
- fluid-filled or tissue filled

Question 14

reasons for hyperresonance/hyperinflation

Answer 14

COPD
emphysema
pneumothorax
asthma

Question 15

reasons for dull: diminished air exchange

Answer 15

pneumonia
atelectasis
pleural effusion
asthma

Question 16

vesicular breath sounds

Answer 16

low pitched
low intensity
heard over healthy lung tissue
- normal throughout the periphery
soft and short expirations

Question 17

bronchovesicular breath sounds

Answer 17

heard over the major bronchi
typically moderate in pitch and intensity
expiration equals inspiration

Question 18

bronchial breath sounds

Answer 18

highest in pitch and intensity
heard over the trachea
loud long expirations

Question 19

crackles

Answer 19

also called rales
heard more during inspiration 
fine: high pitched, relatively short in duration
coarse: low pitched, longer in duration
- fluid in alveoli 
-- HF, edema

Question 20

Ronchi

Answer 20

also called sonorous wheezes
deeper, more rumbling, more pronounced during expiration
caused by passage of air through a partial obstruction
- secretions
– bronchitis, pneumonia

Question 21

wheezes

Answer 21

continuous, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration or expiration
- high velocity of air through narrow airway

Question 22

friction rub

Answer 22

occurs outside the respiratory tree
dry, crackly, grating, low-pitched
usually heard over lower lateral anterior surface
- inflammed pleura 
-- hold breath
--- rub disappears: respiratory issue
--- rub still there: cardiac issue

Question 23

bronchophony

Answer 23

greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken sounds

Question 24

pectoriloquy

Answer 24

extreme bronchophony where even a whisper can be heard clearly through the stethoscope

Question 25

egophony

Answer 25

intensity of the spoken voice is increased and there is a nasal quality e becomes a

Question 26

dec. or absent fremitus

Answer 26

excess air in the lungs epmphysema pleural thickening or effusion bronchial obstruction

Question 27

inc. fremitus

Answer 27

presence of fluids or solid mass in the lungs lung consolidation compressed lung

Question 28

platypnea

Answer 28

dyspnea increases in the upright posture