Module 12 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What allows woody stems to have no limited to their growth, unlike herbaceous stems?
The cork Cambium can always produce more bark.
What is the function of the vascular cambium?
The vascular cambium produces new vascular tissue.
If a stem has cork cambium is it woody or herbaceous?
It is woody. The cork cambium appears only in woody stems. It makes new cork tissue for the outer bark.
What kind of vascular tissue makes up most of the wood in a woody stem? What kind of vascular tissue is found in the inner bark of a woody stem?
Xylem make up most of the wood in a woody stem, while phloem are found in the inner bark.
What is the difference between primary growth and secondary growth?
The increase in length of the shoot and the root is referred to as primary growth. It is the result of cell division in the shoot apical meristem. Secondary growth is characterized by an increase in thickness or girth of the plant. It is caused by cell division in the lateral meristem.
In a leaf, what is the function of the following tissues?
~ Palisade mesophyll
~ Spongy mesophyll
~ Epidermis
~ Xylem
~ Phloem
~ Collenchyma
- Palisade mesophyll — photosynthesis
- Spongy mesophyll — photosynthesis
- Epidermis — protection
- Xylem — transports water and minerals
- Phloem — transports food and organic substances
- Collenchyma — support
What controls the opening and closing of the stomata on a leaf?
The guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata.
Why is the bottom of a leaf typically a lighter shade of green that’s the top of the leaf?
The spongy mesophyll is typically on the underside of the leaf, and it is usually a lighter shade of green due to the fact that the photosynthesis calls are not as tightly packed there.
Name two types of pigments that cause leaves to be a color other than green.
carotenoids and anthocyanins
If a tree has no abscission layer, will it be deciduous?
No, a tree without an abscission layer cannot be deciduous.
Where is the abscission layer?
Right between the stem and the petiole.
What are the differences between monocots and dicots?
Monocots:
* The venation is parallel
* They have fibrous root systems
* Have once cotyledon in their seeds
Dicots:
* Venation is netted - pinnate or palmate
* Have taproot systems
* Have two cotyledons in their seeds
Name the four processes for which plants require water. Which of these processes an be neglected for a short amount of time?
Photosynthesis, turgor pressure, hydrolysis and transport. Turgor pressure can be neglected for a short period of time because a plant can wilt without dying.
A biologist studies two plants. The flowers of the first plant open each morning and close each night. The second plant’s flowers stay open all of the time. However, if the plants s placed so that one of its sides is in the shade and the other is in the sunlight, the plant will eventually grow so that all of its leaves point towards the sunlight. Which plant is using nastic movement and which is using phototropism?
The first is using nastic movement, while the second is using phototropism.
Briefly describe transpiration-pull and the cohesion-tension theory of water transport in plants.
Transpiration pull: transpiration causes a pulling force on the column of water in the xylem. As evaporation happens, water is pulled up to replace the lost water.~
~Cohesion-tension theory: cohesion and adhesion extend this pulling force through branches and stems. Because water sticks together, when part of it starts moving the water below will move as well.
Do xylem cells need to be alive for xylem to do their job? Why or why not?
Xylem cells don’t need to be alive for xylem to do their job. Xylem cells don’t play an active role in transport. They contain water and dissolved minerals.
Do phloem cells need to be alive for phloem to do their job? Why or why not?
Phloem cells must be alive in order for the phloem to do their job. The take an active part in translocation. They carry sugar and organic substances.
What substances do xylem contain? What substances do phloem contain?
Xylem contain water and dissolved minerals, while phloem contain sugar and organic substances.
Do insectivorous plants really eat insects? Why or why not?
Insectivorous plants do not really eat insects. They decompose the insects and use their raw materials for biosynthesis.
What types of cells make up plant tissue?
Eukaryotic cells.
How are the roots, stems, and leaves of plants designed to carry out their functions?
Roots absorb water and minerals to transport them to stem. Stems hold plants upright, bear leaves and other structures, and transport fluids between roots and leaves. The primary function of leaves is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis.
What do plants need in order to grow?
Water, air, and nutrients
How do plants get what they need to carry out photosynthesis?
Through their roots.
What role do hormones have in plant growth?
Controlling mitosis and regulating plant cell development.
