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PCP Pharm 💜💊 > Module 1.2 > Flashcards

Module 1.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharmacology

A

What is the term for the study for science of drugs?

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of the drug movement through the body (ADME)
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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3
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of the bio, chemical and physiological interactions of drugs and their sites of activity

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4
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

The use of drugs and clinical indications for drugs to prevent entry disease

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5
Q

Pharamacognosy

A

The study of natural plants and animals drug sources

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6
Q

PK absorption 3 roots

A

Enteral ( G.I tract )
Percutanous ( topical ) (slowest)
Parentreal any route other than the top 2

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7
Q

4 types of enteral ?

A

Oral
Sublingual ( under tongue )
Buccal
Rectal

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8
Q

What 2 enteral routes doesn’t go to the small intestine

A

Sublingual
Buccal

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9
Q

Where to Oral pills get absorbed

A

Liver

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10
Q

Enteral drugs, get absorbed to where and how ?

A

Drugs Get Absorbed Systemic circulation ( blood stream )
Through the oral and gastric mucosa the small intestine or rectum

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11
Q

Topical route ( percutanous ) how it works and examples?

A

Drug is applied locally to the skin or membrane lining
Slower absorption rate for more prolonged
Examples are patches, nebs gels drops

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12
Q

Parental route

A

Intervenous
Intramuscular ( muscle )
Subcutaneous ( in fat )
Intradermal ( under skin)
Intrathcal ( spine )
Intraarticular (joints )

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13
Q

Fastest parental route ?

A

Iv

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14
Q

Factors that affect absorption rate

A

Route administered ex oral vs iv
Food, drug interactions, ex grapefruit
G.I. mobility
Empty stomach
Bioavailability
Diabetes
PH
Drug Lipid solubility

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15
Q

Bioavailability

A

The extent and rate at which the active in a drug becomes completely available to its attended biological destinations

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16
Q

The drugs, lipids, solvability if the drug is lipid/fat soluble they can (blank ) the membrane (blank)

A

Cross
Easily

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17
Q

First pass effect

A

The metabolism of a truck, and it’s passage from the liver before entering the circulation
Extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation

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18
Q

First pass route to include

A

Hectic artery
Oral
Portal vein
Rectal

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19
Q

Non first pass routes include ?

A

Aural , Buccal, inhalation, intramuscular,intranasal, intro ulnar,intravaginal ,iv , subcutaneous,sublinagaj and transdermal

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20
Q

PK distribution

A

Is the transport of a drug through the bloodstream to a sight of action

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21
Q

Areas of low distribution

A

Muscle skin and fat

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22
Q

Areas of high distribution

A

Heart, liver, kidneys, and brains

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23
Q

Drug protein complex/protein binding

A

Only drug molecules that are not found in plasma usually album can freely dispute to extravascular tissue outside the blood vessel to reach their site of action
If a drug binds to Albion, only a limited amount of the drug is not bound

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24
Q

Metabolism

A

Is the biological transformation of a drug into more or less active form

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25
Do metabolize drugs tend to become more or less water soluble
More
26
Sites of metabolism include
Liver main organ Kidneys Lungs Plasma Intestinal mucosa Exocrine glands
27
Excretion
Elimination of drugs from the body
28
Sites of excretion
Kidney main organ Liver Bowel Lungs Exocrine glands that secrete things like breastmilk ,sweat and. saliva
29
Drugs are excreted through the blank via the blank and blank
Kidneys Via the glomerular filtration And active tubular secretion
30
What does a drug do when the body pH is too high?
Faster more acidic pH will equal in a faster excretion
31
Onset
The point which is the drug… A therapeutical response The time it takes
32
Peak
Time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum effect
33
Duration
How long the drug can produce a therapeutic response without needing more medication?
34
Peak level
Highest blood level
35
Trough level
Lowest blood level
36
Half life
Measures of rain, in which drugs are removed from the body At 50% elimination of the drug
37
How many half-lives does it take to eliminate 97% of the drug
5 1/2
38
Kidney and liver damage equals a longer or shorter half life ?
Shorter
39
Local effect
Effect of a drug is realized only locally ( topical ) and is limited to one area Creams
40
Systemic Effect
It’s a reaction through the whole body medication, spine to the cell receptors
41
Drug receptor interaction
The joining of a drug molecule with a relative site on a on a surface of a cell or tissue once a drug binds to interacts with the receptor a physiological response is produced
42
Enzyme interaction
Enzymes are substances, the catalyze nearly every bio chemical reaction in the cell for a drug to alter its physiological response, either inhibits, or enhances, the action of a specific enzyme
43
Agonist
It will Mimic an action
44
Antagonist
Inhibits the response Narcan
45
Antagonist effect
Combine up to drugs, that results in a less effective drug
46
Synergistic effect
When drug enhances the action of another
47
Additive effect
Combination affects of the drugs, combined in such a way that the two drugs produces similar action administered at the same time
48
Adverse effects
Negative responses can be fatal
49
Side effects
Unintended, but predictable
50
Carcinogenic effects
Cancer-causing effects
51
Idiosyncratic effects
We don’t know why It acts the way it does
52
Acute toxicity
Rapid onset, doodle, short-term exposure
53
Chronic toxicity
Long-term exposure, resulting in effects
54
Therapeutic index
Difference between a therapeutic level and toxic level
55
Antidote
Decreases the effects of toxicity Example charcoal
56
Allergic reaction
Unintended unpredictable reaction to a medication Release of antibodies Allergic reactions develop into anaphylactic reactions
57
Anaphylactic reactions
Severe life-threatening allergic reactions Set an onset of airway construction
58
Tolerance
Decreasing response to repeat a drug doses
59
Dependence
Physiological or psychological need for a drug
60
Physical dependence
Physical logical need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms
61
Psychological dependence
Addiction Obsessive desire for a drug
62
Drugs during pregnancy pose a risk to the fetus because
Can cross the placenta barrier
63
Teratogen
Agent that causes Fetal malformations
64
Pregnancy drug categories ( abcdx)
A Is no risk B animal studies show risk, but humans findings do not C risks cannot be ruled out (lack of testing) D there is a positive evidence to foetus risk, but the benefits outweigh the risk can be used in life-threatening situations X fetal risks that clearly always any possible benefits
65
Drugs and Pediatrics
Immature organs leading to alter pharmacokinetics Such as Image of the blood brain Liver and kidneys are immature Low body weight increase in water, soluble drugs Stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria
66
Drugs in older adults
Age causes the determination of organ systems Require lower dosages and reduce frequency, due to slow absorption
67
Polypharmacy
Taking multiple drugs at once, resulting in increased risk for drug interactions and side effects
68
Intradermal
Under the skin
69
Intradermal
Under the skin
70
Intrathcal
Spine
71
Intraarticular
Joints

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