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MICROPARA > MODULE#18 > Flashcards

MODULE#18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the scientific study of the immune system and immune responses

A

IMMUNOLOGY

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2
Q

Understanding of immunology boils down to an understanding of two terms

A

ANTIGENS
ANTIBODIES

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3
Q

Are molecules that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies

A

ANTIGENS

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4
Q

Are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens

A

Antibodies

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5
Q

Two major arms of the immune system

A

HUMORAL IMMUNITY AND CMI

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6
Q

Always involves the production of antibodies in response to antigen
a person is immune to a particular pathogen because of the presence of a specific protective antibodies that are effective against the pathogen

A

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

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7
Q

Involves various cell types, with antibodies only playing a minor role.

A

CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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8
Q

Immunity that results from the active production or receipt of productive antibodies during one’s lifetime is called

A

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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9
Q

Antibodies are actually produced within the persons body

A

ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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10
Q

Immunity that results from receipt of a vaccine is called

A

ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY

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11
Q

the person receives antibodies that were produced by another person or by more than one person or in some cases by an animal such protection is usually only temporary

A

PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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12
Q

is acquired by an acquired immunity fetus when it receives maternal antibodies in utero or by an infant when it receives maternal antibodies contained in colostrum

A

NATURAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY

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13
Q

Is acquired when acquired immunity a person receives antibodies contained in antisera or gamma globulin

A

ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY

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14
Q

is defined as material that can artificially induce immunity to an infectious disease usually after injection or in some cases ingestion of the material

A

VACCINE

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15
Q

deliberately exposes a person to a harmless version of a pathogen to stimulate the person immune system to produce protective antibodies and memory cells

A

VACCINATION

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16
Q

The process of weakening pathogens is called

A

ATTENUATED VACCINE

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17
Q

Vaccines made from pathogens that have been _____killed by heat or chemicals called

A

INACTIVATED VACCINES

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18
Q

Is one that uses antigenic portions of a pathogen rather than using the whole pathogen

A

SUB-UNIT VACCINES

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19
Q

have been made for protection against by conjugating bacterial capsule your antigens two molecules that is stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the last antigenic capsular antigens

A

CONJUGATE VACCINES

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20
Q

Is an exotoxin that has been and activated by heat or chemicals

A

TOXOID VACCINE

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21
Q

Is one that has been prepared from bacteria isolated from a localized infection such as a staphylococcal boil.

the pathogens are killed and then injected into the same person to induce production of more antibodies

A

AUTOGENOUS VACCINES

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22
Q

Vaccines that are only experimental

A

DNA VACCINES

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23
Q

The major cells that participate in immune responses are

A

T CELLS
B CELLS
NK CELLS
MACROPHAGES

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24
Q

Primary function is to secretion of cytokines

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A

HELPER T CELLS

25
Primary function is to destroy virally infected host cells foreign cells and tumor cells
CYTOTOXIC T CELLS
26
The majority of antigens are referred to as
T-DEPENDENT ANTIGENS
27
the processing of which requires only b cells
T INDEPENDENT ANTIGENS
28
Is the initial immune response to a particular antigen. It takes about 10 to 14 days for antibodies to be produced
PRIMARY RESPONSE
29
Happens when there's a subsequent response to some antigen
SECONDARY RESPONSE
30
All antibodies are in a category of proteins called
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
31
Are antibodies that provide protection against infectious diseases
PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES
32
Are antibodies that are found in the blood
HUMORAL OR CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES
33
the predominant immunoglobulins in saliva tears seminal fluid colostrum breast milk and mucus secretion of the nose lungs and gastrointestinal tract
IgA
34
Constitute less than 1% of Ig in serum
IgD IgE
35
Is produced in response to allergens. Found on the surfaces of basophils and mast cells. Place a major role in allergic responses
IgE
36
The most abundant immune globulin in serum about 70 to 85%. The only class of immunoglobulins that can cross the placenta
IgG
37
Are the first antibodies form in the primary response to antigens. Is the most efficient compliment fixing immunoglobulins
IgM
38
Antibodies that are long lived sometimes persisting for the lifetime of the individual (type of immunoglobulins classes)
IgG
39
Are relatedly short live remaining in the bloodstream for only for few months Type of immunoglobulins
IgM
40
How many percentage of Ig in serum are there in Igm
10%
41
How many percentage of Ig in serum are there in IgA
10%-20
42
How many percentage of Ig in serum are there in IgG
70-85%
43
The new long live antibody-producing cell is called a
HYBRIDOMA
44
Refers to an overly sensitive or overly reactive immune system.
HYPERSENSITIVITY
45
Occur from within a few minutes to 24 hours after contact with a particular antigens
IMMEDIATE TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
46
Take longer than 24 hours to manifest themselves
DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
47
Also known as anaphylactic reactions include classic allergic responses such as a fever symptoms asthma hives and gastrointestinal symptoms that result from food allergies allergic responses to insect stings and drugs and anaphylactic shock.
TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
48
This is the most common reaction to latex products
IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS
49
This is not a true allergy because the immune system is not involved
IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS
50
These results from exposure to chemicals added to latex during harvesting processing or manufacturing.
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS
51
This is a type of delayed hypersensitivity or type IV allergy
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS
52
this is an immediate type hypersensitivity that can be a more serious reaction to latex than irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis
LATEX ALLERGY
53
Latex allergy can be diagnosed using
ANTIBODY DETECTION PROCEDURES SKIN TESTING
54
A skin test is considered positive if ____occur
CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS
55
Cutaneous anaphylaxis (swelling and redness at the scratch or injection site) is often referred to as a
WHEAL AND FLARE reaction
56
Are cytotoxic reaction meaning that body cells are destroyed during these reactions
TYPE ll HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
57
The dark side is that immune complexes can result in
TYPE lll HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
58
Are also known as delayed type hypersensitivity reactions or cell-mediated immune reactions. They typically take 24 to 48 hours to manifest themselves. they occur in tuberculous and fungal skin test contact dermatitis and transplantation rejection
TYPE IV HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
59
A classic example of a delayed type hypersensitivity reactions is a
POSITIVE TB SKIN TEST

MICROPARA (19 decks)

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