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MICROPARA > MODULE#18 > Flashcards

MODULE#18 Flashcards

1
Q

Is the scientific study of the immune system and immune responses

A

IMMUNOLOGY

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2
Q

Understanding of immunology boils down to an understanding of two terms

A

ANTIGENS
ANTIBODIES

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3
Q

Are molecules that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies

A

ANTIGENS

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4
Q

Are proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens

A

Antibodies

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5
Q

Two major arms of the immune system

A

HUMORAL IMMUNITY AND CMI

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6
Q

Always involves the production of antibodies in response to antigen
a person is immune to a particular pathogen because of the presence of a specific protective antibodies that are effective against the pathogen

A

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

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7
Q

Involves various cell types, with antibodies only playing a minor role.

A

CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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8
Q

Immunity that results from the active production or receipt of productive antibodies during one’s lifetime is called

A

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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9
Q

Antibodies are actually produced within the persons body

A

ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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10
Q

Immunity that results from receipt of a vaccine is called

A

ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY

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11
Q

the person receives antibodies that were produced by another person or by more than one person or in some cases by an animal such protection is usually only temporary

A

PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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12
Q

is acquired by an acquired immunity fetus when it receives maternal antibodies in utero or by an infant when it receives maternal antibodies contained in colostrum

A

NATURAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY

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13
Q

Is acquired when acquired immunity a person receives antibodies contained in antisera or gamma globulin

A

ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY

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14
Q

is defined as material that can artificially induce immunity to an infectious disease usually after injection or in some cases ingestion of the material

A

VACCINE

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15
Q

deliberately exposes a person to a harmless version of a pathogen to stimulate the person immune system to produce protective antibodies and memory cells

A

VACCINATION

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16
Q

The process of weakening pathogens is called

A

ATTENUATED VACCINE

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17
Q

Vaccines made from pathogens that have been _____killed by heat or chemicals called

A

INACTIVATED VACCINES

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18
Q

Is one that uses antigenic portions of a pathogen rather than using the whole pathogen

A

SUB-UNIT VACCINES

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19
Q

have been made for protection against by conjugating bacterial capsule your antigens two molecules that is stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the last antigenic capsular antigens

A

CONJUGATE VACCINES

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20
Q

Is an exotoxin that has been and activated by heat or chemicals

A

TOXOID VACCINE

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21
Q

Is one that has been prepared from bacteria isolated from a localized infection such as a staphylococcal boil.

the pathogens are killed and then injected into the same person to induce production of more antibodies

A

AUTOGENOUS VACCINES

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22
Q

Vaccines that are only experimental

A

DNA VACCINES

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23
Q

The major cells that participate in immune responses are

A

T CELLS
B CELLS
NK CELLS
MACROPHAGES

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24
Q

Primary function is to secretion of cytokines

A

HELPER T CELLS

25
Q

Primary function is to destroy virally infected host cells foreign cells and tumor cells

A

CYTOTOXIC T CELLS

26
Q

The majority of antigens are referred to as

A

T-DEPENDENT ANTIGENS

27
Q

the processing of which requires only b cells

A

T INDEPENDENT ANTIGENS

28
Q

Is the initial immune response to a particular antigen. It takes about 10 to 14 days for antibodies to be produced

A

PRIMARY RESPONSE

29
Q

Happens when there’s a subsequent response to some antigen

A

SECONDARY RESPONSE

30
Q

All antibodies are in a category of proteins called

A

IMMUNOGLOBULINS

31
Q

Are antibodies that provide protection against infectious diseases

A

PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES

32
Q

Are antibodies that are found in the blood

A

HUMORAL OR CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES

33
Q

the predominant immunoglobulins in saliva tears seminal fluid colostrum breast milk and mucus secretion of the nose lungs and gastrointestinal tract

A

IgA

34
Q

Constitute less than 1% of Ig in serum

A

IgD
IgE

35
Q

Is produced in response to allergens. Found on the surfaces of basophils and mast cells.
Place a major role in allergic responses

A

IgE

36
Q

The most abundant immune globulin in serum about 70 to 85%.
The only class of immunoglobulins that can cross the placenta

A

IgG

37
Q

Are the first antibodies form in the primary response to antigens.
Is the most efficient compliment fixing immunoglobulins

A

IgM

38
Q

Antibodies that are long lived sometimes persisting for the lifetime of the individual (type of immunoglobulins classes)

A

IgG

39
Q

Are relatedly short live remaining in the bloodstream for only for few months
Type of immunoglobulins

A

IgM

40
Q

How many percentage of Ig in serum are there in Igm

A

10%

41
Q

How many percentage of Ig in serum are there in IgA

A

10%-20

42
Q

How many percentage of Ig in serum are there in IgG

A

70-85%

43
Q

The new long live antibody-producing cell is called a

A

HYBRIDOMA

44
Q

Refers to an overly sensitive or overly reactive immune system.

A

HYPERSENSITIVITY

45
Q

Occur from within a few minutes to 24 hours after contact with a particular antigens

A

IMMEDIATE TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

46
Q

Take longer than 24 hours to manifest themselves

A

DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

47
Q

Also known as anaphylactic reactions include classic allergic responses such as a fever symptoms asthma hives and gastrointestinal symptoms that result from food allergies allergic responses to insect stings and drugs and anaphylactic shock.

A

TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

48
Q

This is the most common reaction to latex products

A

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

49
Q

This is not a true allergy because the immune system is not involved

A

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

50
Q

These results from exposure to chemicals added to latex during harvesting processing or manufacturing.

A

ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

51
Q

This is a type of delayed hypersensitivity or type IV allergy

A

ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

52
Q

this is an immediate type hypersensitivity that can be a more serious reaction to latex than irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis

A

LATEX ALLERGY

53
Q

Latex allergy can be diagnosed using

A

ANTIBODY DETECTION PROCEDURES
SKIN TESTING

54
Q

A skin test is considered positive if ____occur

A

CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS

55
Q

Cutaneous anaphylaxis (swelling and redness at the scratch or injection site) is often referred to as a

A

WHEAL AND FLARE reaction

56
Q

Are cytotoxic reaction meaning that body cells are destroyed during these reactions

A

TYPE ll HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

57
Q

The dark side is that immune complexes can result in

A

TYPE lll HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

58
Q

Are also known as delayed type hypersensitivity reactions or cell-mediated immune reactions. They typically take 24 to 48 hours to manifest themselves.
they occur in tuberculous and fungal skin test contact dermatitis and transplantation rejection

A

TYPE IV HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

59
Q

A classic example of a delayed type hypersensitivity reactions is a

A

POSITIVE TB SKIN TEST

MICROPARA (19 decks)

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