SAS#14

Question 1

Can be defined As the study of the occurrence, determinants and distribution of health and disease within healthcare settings

Answer 1

HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 2

Are infections that are acquired within hospitals and other healthcare facilities

Answer 2

HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS (HCA)

Question 3

Those that are present or incubating at the time of hospital admission

Answer 3

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS

Question 4

Is an infection that results from medical or surgical treatment - an infection that is caused by a surgeon, another physician or some other healthcare worker

Answer 4

IATROGENIC INFECTION

Question 5

Gram positive cocci

Answer 5

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (INCLUDING METHICILLIN-RESISTANT)

STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA)

COAGULACE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS

ENTEROCOCCUS SPP (INCLUDING VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI)

Question 6

Gram negative bacilli

Answer 6

ESCHERICHIA COLI
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
ENTEROBACTER SPP
KLEBSIELLA SPP

Question 7

Three principal routes by which pathogen involved in healthcare-associated infections

Answer 7

CONTACT
DROPLET
AIRBORNE

Question 8

The enterotoxin causes a disease known as

Answer 8

ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA (AAD)

Question 9

The cytotoxic causes a disease known as

Answer 9

PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS (PMS)

Question 10

Pathogens are transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object or person

Answer 10

DIRECT CONTACT TRANSMISSION

Question 11

Happens when pathogens are transferred via contaminated intermediate object or a person

Answer 11

INDIRECT CONTACT TRANSMISSION

Question 12

respiratory droplets carrying pathogens transmitted infections when they travel from the respiratory tract of an infectious individual tools acceptable mucosal surfaces of a recipient.

Answer 12

DROPLET TRANSMISSION

Question 13

Traditionally has been defined as being larger than 5 meter in size

Answer 13

DROPLETS

Question 14

Occurs with dissemination of either airborne droplet nuclei or small particles containing pathogens

Answer 14

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

Question 15

Traditionally____are defined as being less than or equal to 5 m in size

Answer 15

AIRBORNE DROPLETS

Question 16

UTI which represent about ___ of all HAI and cause about ____ of the deaths associated with HAI

Answer 16

32
13

Question 17

Surgical site infections
Which represent about __ of all HAI cause about ____ of the death associated with HAI

Answer 17

22
8

Question 18

Lower respiratory tract infections
Which represent about ____ of HAI and cause about _____ of the death associated with HAI

Answer 18

15%
36%

Question 19

Bloodstream infection, which represent about _____ of HAI and cause about _____of the death associated with HAI

Answer 19

14
31

Question 20

Is the single most important measure to reduce the risk of transmitting pathogens from one patient to another or from one anatomic site to another on the same patient

Answer 20

HAND WASHING

Question 21

Are actions taken to prevent infection or break the chain of infection

Answer 21

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES

Question 22

Is a clean technique
It’s goal is to exclude pathogens.

Answer 22

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

Question 23

includes all the precautionary measure necessary to prevent direct transfer of pathogens from person to person and indirect transfer of pathogens through the air or on instrument bedding equipment and other in animate objects

Answer 23

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

Question 24

Kills bacterial spores with pro long exposure times (3-12)

Answer 24

CHEMICAL STERILANT

Question 25

Kill all microbes including viruses, except to large numbers of bacterial spores.

Answer 25

HIGH-LEVEL DISINFECTANTS

Question 26

Might kill mycobacteria, vegetative bacterial, most viruses and most fungi but do not necessarily heal bacterial spores

Answer 26

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTANTS

Question 27

Kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi and some viruses within 10 minutes of exposure

Answer 27

LOW-LEVEL DISINFECTANTS

Question 28

Includes practices used to render and keep objects in areas sterile

Answer 28

SURGICAL ASEPSIS OR STERILE TECHNIQUE

Question 29

____clean technique, whereas ___ sterile technique

Answer 29

MEDICAL ASEPSIS SURGICAL ASEPSIS

Question 30

Goal of_____is to exclude all microbes

Answer 30

SURGICAL ASEPSIS

Question 31

Goal of____exclude pathogens

Answer 31

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

Question 32

Is the most important and frequent mode of transmission of HAI

Answer 32

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS

Question 33

are used for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonize with epidemiologically important pathogens that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact

Answer 33

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS

Question 34

Are used for particles that are larger than 5 m in diameter

Answer 34

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS

Question 35

Involves either airborne droplet nuclei or dust particles containing a pathogen. Are use when particles are 5 m or less in diameter

Answer 35

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

Question 36

AIIRS(airborne infection isolation rooms) are under

Answer 36

NEGATIVE PRESSURE

Question 37

Are rooms that are under positive pressure, and vented air that enters these rooms passes through HEPA filters

Answer 37

PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT