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MICROPARA > SAS#14 > Flashcards

SAS#14 Flashcards

1
Q

Can be defined As the study of the occurrence, determinants and distribution of health and disease within healthcare settings

A

HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY

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2
Q

Are infections that are acquired within hospitals and other healthcare facilities

A

HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS (HCA)

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3
Q

Those that are present or incubating at the time of hospital admission

A

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS

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4
Q

Is an infection that results from medical or surgical treatment - an infection that is caused by a surgeon, another physician or some other healthcare worker

A

IATROGENIC INFECTION

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5
Q

Gram positive cocci

A

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (INCLUDING METHICILLIN-RESISTANT)

STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA)

COAGULACE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS

ENTEROCOCCUS SPP (INCLUDING VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI)

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6
Q

Gram negative bacilli

A

ESCHERICHIA COLI
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
ENTEROBACTER SPP
KLEBSIELLA SPP

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7
Q

Three principal routes by which pathogen involved in healthcare-associated infections

A

CONTACT
DROPLET
AIRBORNE

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8
Q

The enterotoxin causes a disease known as

A

ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA (AAD)

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9
Q

The cytotoxic causes a disease known as

A

PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS (PMS)

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10
Q

Pathogens are transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object or person

A

DIRECT CONTACT TRANSMISSION

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11
Q

Happens when pathogens are transferred via contaminated intermediate object or a person

A

INDIRECT CONTACT TRANSMISSION

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12
Q

respiratory droplets carrying pathogens transmitted infections when they travel from the respiratory tract of an infectious individual tools acceptable mucosal surfaces of a recipient.

A

DROPLET TRANSMISSION

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13
Q

Traditionally has been defined as being larger than 5 meter in size

A

DROPLETS

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14
Q

Occurs with dissemination of either airborne droplet nuclei or small particles containing pathogens

A

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

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15
Q

Traditionally____are defined as being less than or equal to 5 m in size

A

AIRBORNE DROPLETS

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16
Q

UTI which represent about ___ of all HAI and cause about ____ of the deaths associated with HAI

A

32
13

17
Q

Surgical site infections
Which represent about __ of all HAI cause about ____ of the death associated with HAI

A

22
8

18
Q

Lower respiratory tract infections
Which represent about ____ of HAI and cause about _____ of the death associated with HAI

A

15%
36%

19
Q

Bloodstream infection, which represent about _____ of HAI and cause about _____of the death associated with HAI

A

14
31

20
Q

Is the single most important measure to reduce the risk of transmitting pathogens from one patient to another or from one anatomic site to another on the same patient

A

HAND WASHING

21
Q

Are actions taken to prevent infection or break the chain of infection

A

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES

22
Q

Is a clean technique
It’s goal is to exclude pathogens.

A

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

23
Q

includes all the precautionary measure necessary to prevent direct transfer of pathogens from person to person and indirect transfer of pathogens through the air or on instrument bedding equipment and other in animate objects

A

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

24
Q

Kills bacterial spores with pro long exposure times (3-12)

A

CHEMICAL STERILANT

25
Q

Kill all microbes including viruses, except to large numbers of bacterial spores.

A

HIGH-LEVEL DISINFECTANTS

26
Q

Might kill mycobacteria, vegetative bacterial, most viruses and most fungi but do not necessarily heal bacterial spores

A

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTANTS

27
Q

Kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi and some viruses within 10 minutes of exposure

A

LOW-LEVEL DISINFECTANTS

28
Q

Includes practices used to render and keep objects in areas sterile

A

SURGICAL ASEPSIS OR STERILE TECHNIQUE

29
Q

____clean technique, whereas ___ sterile technique

A

MEDICAL ASEPSIS
SURGICAL ASEPSIS

30
Q

Goal of_____is to exclude all microbes

A

SURGICAL ASEPSIS

31
Q

Goal of____exclude pathogens

A

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

32
Q

Is the most important and frequent mode of transmission of HAI

A

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS

33
Q

are used for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonize with epidemiologically important pathogens that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact

A

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS

34
Q

Are used for particles that are larger than 5 m in diameter

A

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS

35
Q

Involves either airborne droplet nuclei or dust particles containing a pathogen.
Are use when particles are 5 m or less in diameter

A

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

36
Q

AIIRS(airborne infection isolation rooms) are under

A

NEGATIVE PRESSURE

37
Q

Are rooms that are under positive pressure, and vented air that enters these rooms passes through HEPA filters

A

PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT

MICROPARA (19 decks)

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