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BIOD-103 Medical Terminology > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

state of equilibrium that is maintained in the body’s internal environment to support and sustain life

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2
Q

Define anatomical terminology

A

used to describe the human body

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3
Q

The term anatomy is created from

A

2 Greek words: ana meaning “apart” and tome meaning “to cut”

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4
Q

Atoms combine to make

A

molecules

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5
Q

Molecules combine to make

A

cells

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6
Q

Define cell

A

basic building block of the human body

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7
Q

Cells combine to form

A

tissues

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8
Q

Tissues combine to form

A

organs

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9
Q

Organs combine to form

A

different systems of the body

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10
Q

The body has how many tissue types

A

4, epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous

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11
Q

Define tissue

A

grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function

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12
Q

Define epithelial tissue

A
  • forms the outer surfaces of the body and lines body cavities as well as tubes that lead to the exterior of the body
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13
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, diffusion of gases, liquids & nutrients

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14
Q

How does epithelial tissue protect the skin?

A

via the skin forming a physical barrier over underlying tissue

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15
Q

Where does epithelial tissue form cells?

A

skin, eyes, ear, nose and tongue

to help the body interpret sensory stimuli

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16
Q

What does epithelial tissue secrete?

A

hormones, enzymes and lubricating fluids from various glands

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17
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

builds the support for the body’s organs and muscle sheaths

connects muscles to bones and bones to joints

most abundant tissue in the body

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18
Q

How many muscle tissues are there?

A

3: skeletal, smooth and cardiac

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19
Q

What are the functions of skeletal tissue?

A

for movement and posture

voluntarily controlled

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20
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

esophagus, stomach, intestine and bladder

involuntary muscle, controlled by autonomic nervous system

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21
Q

Define cardiac muscle

A

found in the heart

involuntary muscle, controlled by autonomic nervous system

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22
Q

What are the functions of nervous tissue?

A

to communicate through out the body

are excitable & can conduct electricity

coordinate and control the functions of the body

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23
Q

What are organs?

A

structures in the body that perform specific purposes

EX: heart, liver, kidneys, brain, skin

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24
Q

What are Systems?

A

groups of different organs functioning together for a common purpose

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25
Define anatomical position
the position in which the body is standing upright, head facing forward and arms extended by the side of the body with palms oriented to the front
26
What are body planes?
body is divided into imaginary sections
27
Define sagittal plane
vertically into right & left sections
28
Define midsagittal plane
equal left & right halves at midline
29
Define transverse or horizontal plane
superior and inferior sections
30
Define coronal or frontal plan
anterior & posterior sections at the right angle to the midsagittal plane
31
Define directional terms
describe the location of a body part in relation to another body part
32
Define superior
above in an upward direction toward the head
33
Define inferior Combining Form: infer/o
below in a downward direction more toward the feet
34
Define anterior Combining Form: anter/o
in front of before the front side of the body
35
Define posterior Combining Form: poster/o
toward the back the backside of the body
36
Define cephalic Combining Form: cephal/o
pertaining to the head superior in the position
37
Define caudal Combining Form: caud/o
pertaining to the tail inferior in the position
38
Define Medial Combining Form: Medi/o
nearest to the midline or middle
39
Define lateral Combining Form: Later/o
to the side away from the middle
40
Define proximal Combining Form: Proxim/o
nearest to the point of attachment near from the point of origin
41
Define distal Combining Form: Dist/o
away from the point of attachment far from the point of origin
42
Define deep
further below the surface
43
Define superficial
nearer the surface
44
Abdomin/o + al
pertaining to the abdomen
45
Ante + cubit/o + al
pertaining to the front of the elbow
46
Axillary
underarm area
47
Brachi/o + al
pertaining to the arm
48
Cervic/o + al
pertaining to the neck
49
Crani/o + al
pertaining to the skull
50
Femor/o + al
pertaining to the femur/thigh
51
Genit/o + al
pertaining to the genitals
52
Glute/o + al
pertaining to the buttocks
53
Inguin/o + al
pertaining to the groin
54
Lower extremity
the entire leg
55
Nas/o + al
pertaining to the nose
56
Orbit/o + al
pertaining to the eye socket
57
Or/o + al
pertaining to the mouth
58
Ot/o + ic
pertaining to the ear
59
Palmar
the palm of the hand
60
Patell/o + ar
pertaining to the kneecap
61
Pelv/o + ic
pertaining to the pelvis
62
Plantar
the sole of the foot
63
Popiteal
the area behind the knee
64
Scapula/o + ar
pertaining to the shoulder blade
65
Stern/o + al
pertaining to the sternum
66
Thorac/o + ic
pertaining to the chest/lungs
67
Trunk
the torso *does not include arms or legs*
68
Umbilical
the region around the naval
69
Upper extremity
the entire arm
70
Vertebr/o + al
pertaining to the spine
71
Define Cavities
hollow spaces that contain organs enclosed with membranes that are specific to the cavities that they cover
72
Define cranial cavity
contains the brain protected by a membrane sac called the meninges protected by the skull
73
Define spinal cavity
contains spinal cord protected by the cervical, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae covered by the meninges
74
Define thoracic cavity
contains heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, aorta, & thymus gland protected by the ribs & separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm
75
What can the thoracic cavity be divided into?
mediastinum & pleural cavities
76
Define mediastinum
in the central region of the thoracic cavity contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta & thymus gland
77
Define pleural cavities
located lateral to the mediastinum on either side each one contains a lung and covered by a membrane called pleura
78
Define abdominopelvic cavity
divided into the superior section of the abdominal cavity & inferior section of pelvic cavity covered by a membrane called peritoneum
79
Right hypochondriac
right lateral side of upper row under the ribs that connect to the sternum via cartilage
80
Epigastric
middle area of upper row above the stomach
81
Left hypochondriac
left lateral side of upper row
82
Right lumbar
right lateral side of middle row, near the waist
83
Umbilical
middle area of middle row containing the umbilicus
84
Left lumbar
left lateral side of middle row
85
Right iliac
right lateral side of lower row near the groin
86
Hypogastric
middle area of lower row
87
Left iliac
left lateral side of lower row
88
What organs are in RUQ
majority of the liver, the right kidney, a portion of the large intestine, a small portion of the pancreas, gallbladder, and a section of the small intestine
89
What organs are in RLQ
large intestine and small intestine, the right ureter, appendix, and in females, the right ovary and the right fallopian tube
90
What organs are in LUQ
small portion of the liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, the majority of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines
91
What organs are in LLQ
portions of the small and large intestines, left ureter, and in females, the left ovary and left uterine tube
92
Define Prone
body positioned horizontally, face down & back oriented superiorly
93
Define Supine
body positioned horizontally, face up & back oriented inferiorly
94
Define Lithotomy position
supine position in which buttocks are at the end of the exam table, hips & knees flexed & feet supported by stirrups used in gyno exams & surgeries
95
Define Fowler position
known as semi-recumbent position supine position HOB elevated 45 degrees

BIOD-103 Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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