Module 3 Flashcards
1
Q
AKA
A
above the knee amputation
2
Q
BKA
A
below the knee amputation
3
Q
CK
A
creatine kinase
4
Q
C1, C2, etc
A
first cervical vertebrae, second cervical vertebrae, etc
5
Q
EMG
A
electromyography
6
Q
Fx
A
fracture
7
Q
IM
A
intramuscular
8
Q
L1, L2, etc
A
first lumbar vertebrae, second lumbar vertebrae etc
9
Q
MRI
A
magnetic resonance imaging
10
Q
NSAIDs
A
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
11
Q
OA
A
osteoarthritis
12
Q
ROM
A
range of motion
13
Q
T1, T2, etc
A
first thoracic vertebrae, second vertebrae etc
14
Q
Define agonist
A
the muscle that is the primary mover of a given moment
15
Q
Define amputation
Amputat= to cut through
-ion=process
A
surgical or traumatic removal or a limb, part, or other appendage
16
Q
Define arthralgia
Arthr=joint
-algia=pain
A
joint pain
17
Q
Define atonic
A=lack of
ton=tone, tension
-ic=pertaining to
A
lack of normal muscle tone
18
Q
Define ataxia
a=lack of
-taxia=order
A
lack of muscular coordination
18
Q
Define atrophy
a=lack of
-trophy=lack of nourishment
A
wasting away of muscular tissue that may be caused by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle
19
Q
Define brachyalgia
Brach/l=slow
-algia=pain
A
pain the arm
20
Q
Define bradykinesia
Brady=slow
-kinesia=movement
A
slowness of motion or movement
21
Q
Define bursa
Burs=a pouch
A
pad like sac between muscles, tendons & bones that is lines with synovial fluid & contains a fluid
22
Q
Define calcneal
Calcan/e=heel bone
-al=pertaining to
A
pertaining to heel bone
23
Q
Define carpal
carp=wrist
al=pertaining to
A
pertaining to wrist bones
24
Define cast
medical equipment that is hard & used to immobilize a fractured bone, dislocated joint or sprain
25
Define chondral
Chondr=cartilage
-al=pertaining to
pertaining to cartilage
26
Define clavicular
Clavicul=clavicle
-al=pertaining to
pertaining to the clavicle or collar bone
27
Define coccygeal
Coccyg/e=Coccyx
-al pertaining to
pertaining to the coccyx or tailbone
28
Define contracture
shortening of the muscle that is then resistant to stretching
29
Define dactylogram
Dactyl/o=finger or toe
-gram=mark or record
a fingerprint
30
Define dislocation
separation of the bone from the joint
31
Define dystonia
Dys=difficult
ton=tone
-ia=condition
impaired muscle tone
32
Define fixation
Fixat=fastened
-ion=process
process of holding or securing in a fixed position
33
Define flaccid
lacking muscle tone
34
Define hallux
the great toe
35
Define humeral
Humer=humerus
-al=pertaining to
pertaining to the humerus
36
Define Iliac
ili=ilium
-ac=pertaining to
pertaining to the ilium
37
Define Iliosacral
pertaining to the ilium and sacrum
38
Define Intercostal
inter=between
cost=rib
-al=pertaining to
pertaining to the space between 2 ribs
39
Define ischial
isch/l=ischium
-al=pertaining to
pertaining to the ischium
40
Define lumbar
lumb=lower back
-ar=pertaining to
pertaining to the lower back
41
Define mandibular
Mandibul=lower jawbone
-ar=pertaining to
pertaining to the lower jaw
42
Define maxillary
Maxill=upper jawbone
-ary=pertaining to
pertaining to the upper jawbone
43
Define meniscus
Menisc=crescent
-us=structure
crescent-shaped cartilage that is located in certain joints, such as the knee
44
Define myalgia
My=muscle
-algia=pain
pain the muscle
45
Define orthopedics
study of the musculoskeletal
system, its structure, function, and pathology.
46
Define osteogenesis
oste/o=bone
-genesis=formation
formation of bone
47
Define radial
pertaining to the radius
48
Define pedal
pertaining to the foot
49
Define spinal
pertaining to the spine
50
Define symphysis
a firm joint, made of cartilage
51
Define synergist
muscle that acts alongside another muscle to produce movement
52
Define tibial
pertaining to the tibia
53
Define ulnar
pertaining to the ulna
54
Define xiphoid
xiph=sword
-oid=resemble
lowest portion of the
sternum, it is cartilage that is shaped like a sword
55
Arthr/o
joint
56
Burs/o
bursa
57
Carp/o
carpus/wrist
58
Chondr/o
cartilage
59
Clavicula/o
clavicle/collar bone
60
Coccyg/o
coccyx/tailbone
61
Cost/o
rib
62
Crani/o
skull
63
Femor/o
femur
64
Fibul/o
fibula (thin, lower leg bone)
65
Humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
66
ili/o
ilium (bone in the pelvis)
67
Ischi/o
ischium (bone in the pelvis)
68
Kyph/o
hump
69
Lord/o
bent backward
70
Mandibul/o
mandible (lower jaw)
71
Maxill/o
maxilla (upper jaw)
72
Metacarp/o
metacarpus (hand bones)
73
Metatars/o
metatarsus (foot bones)
74
Muscul/o
muscle
75
My/o
muscle
76
Oste/o
bone
77
Patell/o
patella (knee cap)
78
Phalang/o
phalanges (fingers & toes)
79
Pub/o
pubus (bone in the pelvis)
80
Radi/o
radius (part of forearm)
81
Sacr/o
sacrum
82
Scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
83
Scoli/o
crooked/bent
84
Spondyl/o
vertebra
85
Stern/o
sternum
86
Tars/o
tarsus
87
Ten/o
tendon
88
Tendin/o
tendon
89
Tibi/o
Tibia (thicker lower leg bone)
90
Uln/o
ulna (part of forearm)
91
Vertebr/o
vertebra
92
Acr/o
extremity
93
Aden/o
gland
94
Albin/o
white
95
Ang/i
vessel
96
Caus/o
burn; burning
97
Cellul/o
little cell
98
Cutane/o
skin
99
Derm/a
skin
100
Dermat/o
skin
101
Erythr/o
red
102
Follicul/o
little bag
103
Hidr/o
sweat
104
Icter/o
jaundice
105
Integument/o
a covering
106
Kel/o
tumor
107
Kerat/o
horn
108
Leuk/o
white
109
Melan/o
black
110
Onych/o
nail
111
Pachy/o
thick
112
Pedicul/o
a louse
113
Plak/o
plate
114
Prurit/o
itching
115
Rhytid/o
wrinkle
116
Scler/o
hard; hardening
117
Seb/o
oil
118
Therm/o
hot; heat
119
Vuls/o
to pull
120
Trich/o
to pull
121
Xanth/o
yellow
122
Xer/o
dry
123
What's the function of skin?
- protect the body
- regulate temp
- sense the surrounding environment
- secrete various substances
largest organ of the body
124
What's the function of sweat glands?
- secrete sweat, which is made up of water, salt & other chemicals
- cools the body
125
What's the function of sebaceous glands?
- secrete sebum, oily substance that protects the skin from dehydration
126
Define epidermis
- outer layer of the skin
- made up of 5 layers
127
Define melanin
- pigment that colors the skin
- found in the epidermis
128
Define Langerhans cells
- found in the stratum spinosum layer
- protects the skin from invading microoragnisms
129
Define keratin
- protein that forms hair, nails & thick skin of the palms & soles
130
Define dermis
- deep to the epidermis
- made up of connective tissue
- contains nerves, nerve endings, blood vessels, elastic fibers, hair follicles, lymphatics, sebaceous & sweat glands
131
Define macule
flat, discolored spot on the skin
EX: mole
132
Define wheal
localized, temporary elevation of the skin that is itchy
EX: hives, urticaria
133
Define papule
solid, confined, and elevated area on the skin
EX: pimple
134
Define vesicle
small fluid-filled sac
EX: blister
135
Define pustule
small, elevated confined lesion that is filled with pus
EX: pimple
136
Define ulcer
erosion, or eating away, of healthy tissue
137
Define fissure
crack-like slit that extends through the epidermis into the dermis
138
Define hair
thin, stringlike structure that develops out of a hair follicle
139
Define nails
- located on fingers & toes
- made up of hard keratin & cover the end of fingers & toes
- made up of nail body & nail root
140
Define nail bed
- the epithelial tissue located deep to the nail body
- pink in color due to the blood vessels that are located in the tissue
141
Define nail root
fold of epithelial tissue that is not visible
142
Define eponychium
-aka cuticle
- small portion of the epithelial fold that extends over the base of the nail body
143
Define lunula
- crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail body that is lighter than the rest of the nail
- caused by compression of blood vessels that are under the nail body
144
Define free edge
- top of the nail body & projects over the tip of the finger or toe
- portion of the nail that is trimmed
145
Define merocrine sweat glands
- located throughout the body, more prevalent on soles of feet & palms of hands
- release sweat directly to the skin's surface
146
Define apocrine sweat glands
- located in the axillae, around the nipples & in groin
- they begin to secrete sweat during puberty
- secrete sweat into hair follicles
147
Define acne
inflammation of the sebaceous glands & hair follicles that results in pustules & papules
148
Define acne rosacea
- chronic acne
- red rash, tiny pimples, broken blood vessels typically on cheeks & nose
149
Define alopecia
loss of hair, typically on head
150
Define alopecia areata
hair loss in defined patches
151
Define androgenetic alopecia
hair loss that results from aging
- begins in frontal area of scalp & proceeds towards the back
152
Define basal cell carcinoma
- skin cancer found in the epidermis
- largely result from sun exposure
153
Define burns
tissue injuries that result from heat, fire, chemicals, electricity, lightning, or radiation being applied to the skin
154
Define first-degree burn
- affects the epidermis
- results in erythema without blisters
155
Define second-degree burn
- extends through epidermis & into dermis
- causes blisters to form
- also called a partial thickness burn
156
Define third-degree burn
- full thickness burn
- extends through epidermis, dermis, & underlying tissues
- high risk for infection & fluid loss
157
Define cellulitis
- acute, diffuse inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
- caused by a bacterial infection
- red, painful, swollen
158
Define decubitus ulcers
- form on any part of the body that bears weight
- form from pressure that obstructs blood flow for a long time
- also called pressure sores
159
Define ecchymosis
- also called bruising
- caused by trauma
- black & blue appearance of the skin from the blood collecting under the skin
160
Define eczema
- acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition where the skin becomes red and itch
- also called atopic dermatitis
161
Define gangrene
- tissue necrosis that is caused by a lack of blood supply
- difficult to treat and requires wound debridement and IV antibiotics
162
Define herpes simplex
- viral infection caused by the herpes virus type 1
- causes painful blisters around the lips & the nose
163
Define herpes zoster
- viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus
- occurs along nerve root
- causes very painful blisters to form along the nerve on the skin
- also called shingles
164
Define impetigo
- inflammatory skin disease that presents with pustules and vesicles that rupture and become crusted
- can result from a strep or staph infection
165
Define malignant melanoma
- skin cancer that is aggressive and can metastasize
- originates in a melanocyte
166
Define pediculosis
infection caused by lice
167
Define psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition where crusty papules form patches on the skin
168
Define scabies
- infection from a mite that burrows into the dermis of the skin and deposits eggs
- treated with a topical scabicide
169
Define squamous cell carcinoma
- skin cancer that starts in the epidermis.
- causes ulcers
- rarely metastasizes
170
Define tinea corporis
- also called ringworm
- contagious fungal infection of the skin that results in scaling, discolored, & well-defined skin lesions that are itchy and appear as patches
171
Define varicella
- viral infection of herpes zoster
- also called chickenpox
- causes fever and headache
- sx include: skin rash of macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts
172
Define vitiligo
skin condition where the pigment of the skin disappears, and the area appears white
173
Define flexion
bending a limb
174
Define extension
straightening a flexed limb
175
Define circumduction
moving a body part away from the middle
176
Define abduction
moving a body part away the middle
177
Define adduction
moving a body part toward the middle
178
Define protraction
moving a body part forward
179
Define retraction
moving a body part backward
180
Define rotation
moving a body part around in a central axis
181
Define dorsiflexion
bending a body part backward
182
Define pronation
turning the palm downward
183
Define supination
turning the palm upward
184
Define eversion
turning the sole outward
185
Define inversion
turning the sole inward
186
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
187
BX, bx
biopsy
188
C&S
culture & sensitivity
189
Decub
decubitus ulcer
190
Derm
dermatology
191
HSV
Herpes Simplex Virus
192
I&D
incision & drainage
193
ID
intradermal
194
MM
malignant melanoma
195
PPD
purified protein derivative
196
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
197
SG
skin graft
198
STSG
split thickness skin graft
199
Subq
subcutaneous
200
Abrasion
skin in jury that scrapes away the surface of the skin
201
Abscess
collection of pus in the skin
202
Albinism
genetic condition where there is partial or complete absence of pigment in the skin, hair & eyes
203
Anhindrosis
condition where the pt is not able to sweat
204
Autograft
graft taken from pt's body and transferred to another part of the same pt
205
Avulsion
when part or structure of the body, such as finger or toe, has been forcibly torn off the body
206
Biopsy
surgical procedure to remove a piece of tissue for further evaluation under a microscope
207
Bulla
large blister
208
Cauterization
intentional destruction of tissue by a caustic chemical, electric current, laser or freezing
209
Cyst
fluid filled sac in the skin
210
Chemabrasion
removal of superficial layers of skin using chemicals
211
Comedo
blackhead
212
Contusion
blunt trauma to the skin that results in bruising w/o a beak in the skin
213
Cryosurgery
using extreme cold to freeze & destroy tissue
214
Culture & Sensitivity
lab test to determine specific bacteria causing an infection, as well as bacteria's sensitivity to different abx
215
Debridement
removal of foreign material, dead and/or damaged tissue from a wound
216
Dehiscience
complication of wound healing where the edges of the wound reopen & separate
217
Dermabrasion
scraping the skin with sandpaper or rotating wire brushes
218
Dermatologist
physician who specializes in the study of the skin
219
Erythema
redness of the skin
220
Eschar
scab, slough
221
Exudate
oozing of pus or serum
222
Keloid
thick & raised scar caused by excessive collagen formation
223
Laceration
wound in the skin w/ a jagged edge, typically caused by trauma
224
Lesion
general term that indicates any type of abnormality in the skin
225
Necrosis
area of tissue death
226
Nevus
pigmented skin blemish, birthmark or mole
227
Nodule
solid, raised area of skin cells
228
Omychia
inflamed nail bed
229
Petechiae
flat, pinpoint, purplish spots from bleeding that is underneath the skin
230
Pruritus
severe itching
231
Purpura
bruises that occur in older adults within thin, easily damaged skin
232
Pyogenic
producing pus
233
Seborrhea
oil discharge from the sebaceous glands
234
Skin graft
transfer of healthy skin to cover another damaged area
235
Trichophagia
hair eating
236
Urticaria
skin eruption of pale reddish wheal with severe itching
also called hives
237
Ungal
pertaining to the nail
238
Define arthritis
inflammation of a joint
239
Define rheumatoid arthritis
destruction of the joint caused by someone's immune system
240
Define osteoarthritis
inflammation of a joint that results from general use of the joint as the body ages
241
Define inflammation
common cause of pain & tenderness in the musculoskeletal system
242
Define bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
243
Define tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
244
Define fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia
245
Define myositis
inflammation of the muscle
246
Define carpal tunnel syndrome
syndrome of pain, soreness, tenderness, weakness, numbness & tingling of the hand & wrist due to compression of the medial nerve that goes underneath a ligament that connects to wrist bones
common in those who do repetitive motions such as hairdressers or wrking on a computer
247
Define Genu valgum & genu varum
abnormal conditions of the legs that can develop as a child grows
"knock knee" where ankles are far apart & knees are together
"bowleg" where legs are bowed & knees are far apart when a child stands
248
Define gout
disease where the pt develops pain the small joints of the hands & feet due to deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint
249
Define kyphosis
where the curve located in the thoracic portion of the skin becomes exaggerated
produces a "humpback"
250
Define lordosis
exaggeration of the normal lumbar curve
pushes the abdomen & buttocks out
251
Define scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve to the spine
252
Define myeloma
tumor in the bone marrow
253
Define osteoscarcoma
malignant tumor of the bone
254
Define myoma
tumor of the muscle
255
Define myosarcoma
malignant tumor of the muscle tissue
256
Define osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone & bone marrow
caused by infection from a pathogenic organism
257
Define osteoporosis
condition where bone density decreases, which causes bone fragility
can lead to weakness & increased in bone fractures
most common in postmenopausal women
258
Why can fractures occur
due to trauma or disease
259
Define closed or simple fractures
don't involve a break in the skin
260
Define open or compound fractures
don't involve a break
can cause infection or bleeding
261
Define comminuted fracture
where a bone is shattered
262
Define transverse fracture
break in the shaft of the bone
263
Define compression fracture
when 2 bones are pressed together
264
Define Greenstick & epiphyseal fractures
bones that are not fully calcified & are more flexible
more common in children
265
Define ORIF or open reduction, internal fixation procedure
surgical repair of a severe fracture
266
Define muscular dystrophy
group of genetic disease that cause progressive weakness & degeneration
267
Define arthrocentesis
surgical procedure to remove fluid in a joint
268
Define arthroscopy
surgical procedure to examine the inside of a joint with a camera
269
Define arthroplasty
surgical procedure used to repair a joint
can be repaired partially or completely
270
Define bone marrow transplant
surgical procedure where bone marrow is taken from a donor & placed into a pt
used to treat cancers
271
Define craniectomy
surgical excision of a portion of the skull
272
Define craniotomy
surgical incision made into the skull
273
Define laminectomy
surgical excision of a portion of the vertebrae
274
Define spondylosyndesis
means spinal binding
surgical procedure where 2 vertebrae are fused together
results in loss of movement between the vertebrae
common tx for back pain caused by injury to the intervertebral discs
