Module 4.1 Intro to the A&P

Question 1

Function of adrenals

Location: abdomen, above the kidneys

Answer 1

regulates Na and K+, carb metabolism, sex hormones & epinephrine secretion in emergencies

Question 2

Function of pituitary gland

Location: brain

Answer 2

master gland, regulates other endocrine glands

Question 3

Function of the pineal gland

Location: brain

Answer 3

regulates sleep

Question 4

Function of the pancreas

Location: epigastric area of the abdomen

Answer 4

blood glucose regulation

Question 5

Function of thyroid

Location: neck

Answer 5

metabolism, growth, development

Question 6

Function of parathyroid

Location: neck

Answer 6

maintains calcium & phosphate levels

Question 7

Function of thymus

Location: mediastinum

Answer 7

regulates immune system

Question 8

Function of ovaries & testes

Location: pelvis

Answer 8

male & female secondary sexual characteristics

Question 9

Function of the Endocrine System

Answer 9

controls the secretion of hormones from several glands located throughout the body

Question 10

What are glands

Answer 10

secrete or release hormones into the bloodstream

Question 11

What are hormones

Answer 11

chemical substances that are released from the glands in small amounts & travel through the blood to other tissues & organs

transfer info & instructions from one area to another

Question 12

What do hormones regulate

Answer 12

• growth & development
• tissue function
• metabolism
• homeostasis
• sexual function
• mood

Question 13

What is endocrinology

Answer 13

study of the endocrine system

subspecialty: internal medicine

Question 13

What is an endocrinologist

Answer 13

physician that diagnoses & treats the conditions of the endocrine system

Question 14

Define pituitary gland

Answer 14

• located at the base of the brain
• can be divided into anterior & posterior sections
  Anterior called adenohypophysis
  Posterior called neurohypophysis

Question 15

Adenohypophysis secretes what hormones?

Answer 15

• growth hormone GH
• adrenocorticotropin ACTH
• thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
• follicle stimulating hormone FSH / luteinizing hormone LH
• prolactin hormone
• melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 16

Define growth hormone GH

Answer 16

regulates the growth & development of the bones, muscles, and other organs

Question 17

Define adrenocorticotropin hormone ACTH

Answer 17

regulates the growth of the adrenal cortex

Question 18

Define thyroid stimulating hormone TSH

Answer 18

stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland

Question 19

Define follicule stimulating hormone FSH / luteinizing hormone LH

Answer 19

control the sex glands in males & females

Question 20

Define prolactin hormone

Answer 20

stimulates the growth & development of the mammary glands

Question 21

Define melanocyte stimlulating hormone

Answer 21

controls skin pigmentation

Question 22

Neurohypophysis secretes what hormone?

Answer 22

antidiuretic hormone ADH

Question 23

Define antidiuretic hormone ADH

Answer 23

regulates the secretion or reabsorption of water in the kidneys and oxytocin

Question 24

Define oxytocin

Answer 24

stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth & release milk from the mammary glands

Question 25

Define pineal gland

Answer 25

secretes melatonin & serotonin

Question 26

Define melatonin

Answer 26

important in the regulation of the body's sleep-wake cycle

Question 27

Define serotonin

Answer 27

stimulates the nervous system by regulating neurotransmitters, smooth muscles, and gastric secretions

Question 28

Define thyroid gland

Answer 28

- secretes hormones that are involved in metabolism - larger gland in the neck, anterior to the trachea

Question 29

Define thyroxine T4

Answer 29

maintains & regulates the basic metabolic rate of the body, growth & development of the body, metabolism of nutrients, water, vitamins, & minerals

Question 30

Define triiodothyronine T3

Answer 30

regulates basic metabolic rate

Question 31

Define calcitonin

Answer 31

involved bone & calcium metabolism

Question 32

Define parathyroid glands

Answer 32

- located on the thyroid gland in 2 pairs: superior & inferior pair - secrete parathyroid hormone PTH

Question 33

Define parathyroid hormone PTH

Answer 33

involved in maintaining calcium levels & metabolism of phosphorus

Question 34

Define adrenal medulla

Answer 34

inner portion of the adrenal gland

Question 35

What hormones are produced in the the adrenal gland

Answer 35

dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 36

What hormones are involved in sympathetic nervous system

Answer 36

catecholamines: dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 37

Define ovaries

Answer 37

- produce estrogen & progesterone which regulate the sex organs

Question 38

Define testes

Answer 38

product testosterone which are involved in regulation of the male sex organs

Question 39

Define placenta

Answer 39

- produced during pregnancy - secretes hormones involved in the growth & development of the fetus

Question 40

Define thymus

Answer 40

located in the mediastinum in front of the heart - secretes hormones thymosin & thymopoietin that funciton in the immune system