Module 2 Flashcards
(71 cards)
What economic system characterized New France?
Mercantilism
New France was a resource colony for France, primarily for furs.
What was the primary resource sent from New France to France?
Raw materials, especially furs
The fur trade was central to the economy of New France.
Who were the Chartered Companies in New France?
Monopolies that had to send settlers
These companies controlled trade and settlement in New France.
What were the early population issues in New France?
Only ~100 people in 1627, mostly men, few families
Harsh winters and conflicts contributed to slow population growth.
What was the Company of 100 Associates?
Formed by Cardinal Richelieu, monopoly on fur trade
It was obligated to bring 4,000 settlers in 15 years.
What caused the failure of the Company of 100 Associates?
War with England and attacks by the Kirke brothers
These external threats hindered settlement efforts.
When was Trois-Rivières founded and what was its significance?
1634, fur trade hub at confluence of St. Maurice and St. Lawrence Rivers
It became a key location for trade in New France.
Who founded Ville-Marie and when?
Founded by Maisonneuve & Jeanne Mance in 1642
Ville-Marie later became known as Montreal.
What were the duties of seigneurs in the Seigneurial System?
Build mills, report to king
Seigneurs had specific responsibilities tied to land management.
What were the obligations of censitaires in the Seigneurial System?
Pay rent, do 3 days unpaid labor (Corvée), maintain roads
These obligations were part of their land tenancy.
Who controlled the Catholic Church in New France?
Clergy (bishops, priests, monks, nuns)
The church’s hierarchy was essential for governance and social structure.
What was the mission of the religious orders in New France?
Evangelize Indigenous Peoples
Their focus was on converting and educating the local populations.
Who was the first bishop of New France?
Bishop François de Laval
He played a key role in establishing the church’s presence.
What significant institution did François de Laval found?
Seminary of Quebec
This institution was crucial for training clergy.
Who were the French allies in New France?
Algonquians & Huron-Wendat
These alliances were crucial for military support against enemies.
Who were the enemies of the French in New France?
Iroquois, allied with the English & Dutch
This alliance posed a significant threat to French settlements.
What caused the drop in the First Nations population from 1620 to 1650?
European diseases like smallpox
The population decreased from 4,500 to 2,000.
What reasons contributed to the population of First Nations stopping its decline?
Some developed immunity and lived in isolated, low-population areas
These factors helped stabilize their numbers.
Define acculturation.
Adopting parts of another culture without losing your own
This differs from assimilation, where the original culture is lost.
What was the main economic activity in New France before 1663?
Fur trade
This was the backbone of the colonial economy.
Who took control of New France after 1663?
Louis XIV
His reign marked a shift towards direct royal governance.
What type of government existed in New France after 1663?
Absolute monarchy with no democracy
Decision-making was centralized under the king.
Who were the ‘Big 3’ in the Sovereign Council of New France?
Governor, Intendant, Bishop
They held significant power over military, economy, and religion.
What was the role of the governor in New France?
Military & FNP/external relations
He was responsible for defense and diplomatic matters.
