Module 3

Question 1

What event marked the surrender of Montreal to the British?

Answer 1

Capitulation of Montreal (1760)

French officials were allowed to return to France after the surrender.

Question 2

What was established in the colony from 1760 to 1763 after the British took control?

Answer 2

Military regime

British military controlled the colony with some French officials retaining their positions.

Question 3

What new rules were imposed on French Canadians under British rule?

Answer 3

French militia surrendered weapons, Oath to King George III, British criminal law used

Despite the new rules, rights such as land ownership and Catholicism were maintained.

Question 4

What did the Treaty of Paris (1763) accomplish?

Answer 4

Ended the Seven Years’ War and ceded New France to Britain

France retained St. Pierre & Miquelon and some fishing rights.

Question 5

What prompted Pontiac’s Revolt in 1763?

Answer 5

First Nations feared land loss under British control

Question 6

Who led the attacks during Pontiac’s Revolt?

Answer 6

Chief Pontiac

Question 7

When did Pontiac’s Revolt end and what were the causes?

Answer 7

Ended in 1766 due to defeats and smallpox

Question 8

What was the Royal Proclamation (1763)?

Answer 8

First British constitution for the colony

It created the Province of Quebec and designated Indigenous territories.

Question 9

What were the territorial changes made by the Royal Proclamation?

Answer 9

Created Province of Quebec and Indigenous territory (Ohio Valley, Great Lakes)

No settlers were allowed in Indigenous lands.

Question 10

Who was appointed as the governor after the Royal Proclamation?

Answer 10

James Murray

Question 11

What was the goal of the Royal Proclamation regarding French Canadians?

Answer 11

Assimilate French Canadians into British culture

Question 12

What challenge did Governor Murray face?

Answer 12

99% of the population was Catholic/French

Question 13

What were the two political groups in Quebec during Murray’s tenure?

Answer 13

• French Party – Supported Murray’s tolerance
• British Party – Wanted full British control, no Catholic rights

Question 14

What was the outcome of the complaints made by the British Party?

Answer 14

Murray was replaced in 1766 by Guy Carleton

Question 15

What was the purpose of the Quebec Act (1774)?

Answer 15

To keep French Canadians loyal during the American Revolution

Question 16

What territorial changes were made by the Quebec Act?

Answer 16

Expanded Quebec to include Great Lakes, Ohio Valley, and Labrador Coast, reduced Indigenous territory

Question 17

What was significant about the council under the Quebec Act?

Answer 17

French Canadians could join the council after the Test Act was abolished

Question 18

What were French Canadians happy about regarding the Quebec Act?

Answer 18

Religion, language, civil law, and land rights.

French Canadians were pleased that their cultural and legal practices were acknowledged and protected.

Question 19

What were French Canadians upset about in relation to the Quebec Act?

Answer 19

Paying tithes and seigneurial dues.

These financial obligations were a source of discontent among French Canadians.

Question 20

What were the 13 Colonies’ main grievances against the Quebec Act?

Answer 20

• Too many rights given to Catholics
• No elected assembly in Quebec
• Couldn’t expand west (Quebec got Ohio Valley)
• Viewed as a bribe to keep French loyal

These points contributed to the colonists’ anger towards British governance.

Question 21

What was the slogan associated with the 13 Colonies’ opposition to British taxation?

Answer 21

No Taxation Without Representation.

This phrase encapsulated the sentiment of colonists who felt unfairly taxed without a voice in Parliament.

Question 22

What did the Quebec Act recognize that upset the colonists?

Answer 22

French civil law and Catholic religion in Quebec.

This recognition was seen as preferential treatment for French Canadians.

Question 23

What were the letters sent by the colonists to Quebec in 1774 asking Canadians to do?

Answer 23

Join against Britain.

The letters were an attempt to unite against British rule.

Question 24

What did the Catholic Church in Quebec advise in 1775?

Answer 24

To stay loyal to Britain.

This advice was in contrast to the sentiments of the American revolutionaries.

Question 25

What happened during the American attack on Quebec in 1775?

Answer 25

* Americans captured Montreal easily * Failed to take Quebec City after a long winter siege * British reinforcements forced Americans out in 1776 ## Footnote These events were pivotal in the military engagements of the American Revolution.

Question 26

What significant event occurred on July 4, 1776?

Answer 26

The 13 colonies declared independence. ## Footnote This date marks the official declaration of independence from British rule.

Question 27

What territorial changes occurred after the Treaty of Paris in 1783?

Answer 27

* U.S. gained land south of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley * Quebec lost this territory * Indigenous peoples also lost land ## Footnote The treaty formalized the end of the American Revolutionary War and the new borders of the United States.

Question 28

Who were the Loyalists?

Answer 28

People in the 13 colonies who stayed loyal to Britain during the war. ## Footnote Their loyalty often led to persecution and forced migration after the war.

Question 29

What assistance did the British provide to the Loyalists by 1785?

Answer 29

Gave them land and money. ## Footnote This support was crucial for helping Loyalists establish themselves.

Question 30

What demands did the Loyalists make?

Answer 30

* English civil law * Elected assembly ## Footnote These demands reflected their desire for governance similar to what they had known in the 13 colonies.

Question 31

What was the percentage of French and English speakers in Quebec in 1760?

Answer 31

99% French, 1% English

Question 32

What was the percentage of French and English speakers in Quebec in 1791?

Answer 32

85% French, 15% English

Question 33

What economic system was Quebec's economy based on from 1760 to 1791?

Answer 33

Mercantilism

Question 34

What were the main exports of Quebec to Britain?

Answer 34

* Fur * Wheat * Fish

Question 35

Who controlled the fur trade in Quebec after 1760?

Answer 35

British

Question 36

What company was formed in Montreal in 1783 related to the fur trade?

Answer 36

The North West Company

Question 37

What was the main crop grown by most farmers in Quebec?

Answer 37

Wheat

Question 38

What was done with surplus wheat in Quebec?

Answer 38

Sold to Britain

Question 39

How did the Catholic Church adapt after 1760?

Answer 39

Worked with British to survive

Question 40

What services did the Catholic Church provide?

Answer 40

* Ran schools * Ran hospitals

Question 41

What significant change occurred for the Catholic Church in 1774?

Answer 41

Allowed to collect tithes again

Question 42

What was the official church of Britain in Quebec?

Answer 42

Anglican Church

Question 43

When was the first Anglican bishop appointed in Quebec?

Answer 43

1793

Question 44

What prompted the creation of the Constitutional Act?

Answer 44

Loyalists demanded democratic reforms

Question 45

What did the Constitutional Act of 1791 replace?

Answer 45

The Quebec Act

Question 46

What governance structure was established by the Constitutional Act?

Answer 46

Each had its own elected legislative assembly

Question 47

Who was the speaker chosen for the debates in the first elections?

Answer 47

Jean-Antoine Panet ## Footnote He was a French speaker selected to lead the discussions.

Question 48

What language was used for official documents in Lower Canada?

Answer 48

English ## Footnote French was allowed in debates, reflecting the bilingual nature of the population.

Question 49

What funding method for prisons did Canadians win support for?

Answer 49

Taxes on imports, not property ## Footnote This was a significant win for the Canadian majority in the debates.

Question 50

What were the two main political parties in Lower Canada by 1805?

Answer 50

* Parti Canadien * Tory Party ## Footnote These parties represented the interests of different demographics in the population.

Question 51

Who primarily supported the Parti Canadien?

Answer 51

Professional bourgeoisie ## Footnote This group sought reforms and greater control in governance.

Question 52

Who primarily supported the Tory Party?

Answer 52

British merchants ## Footnote They represented the interests of the British minority in Lower Canada.

Question 53

What regions did many immigrants settle in Lower Canada after arriving?

Answer 53

* Montreal * Quebec City * Eastern Townships * Monteregie region ## Footnote Fertile land was scarce due to prior settlement.

Question 54

What major event regarding slavery occurred in 1834?

Answer 54

British Parliament passed the Slavery Abolition Act ## Footnote This made Canada a refuge for escaped Black American slaves.

Question 55

What was established in 1832 to quarantine sick immigrants?

Answer 55

Grosse Île ## Footnote This was a critical health measure during the immigration wave.

Question 56

What drove many Canadians to migrate to cities like Montreal and Quebec?

Answer 56

Overpopulation ## Footnote This led to a search for factory jobs.

Question 57

What were common work conditions in factories during this period?

Answer 57

* Low pay * Long hours (10-12 hours/day, 6 days/week) * Poor ventilation * Child labor * Fines ## Footnote These conditions highlight the harsh realities of industrial work.

Question 58

What were living conditions like for many urban workers?

Answer 58

* Overcrowded homes * Poor hygiene * No running water or garbage service * Pollution ## Footnote These factors contributed to public health issues.