Module 4

Question 1

What was the religious affiliation of Loyalists and English immigrants in Lower Canada?

Answer 1

Protestant (Anglican)

This reflects the demographics of the Anglican Church’s influence in the region.

Question 2

What was the predominant religion among Canadians and Irish in Lower Canada?

Answer 2

Catholic

This highlights the religious diversity in Lower Canada.

Question 3

When was the Diocese of Quebec established?

Answer 3

1793

Jacob Mountain was the first Anglican bishop of this diocese.

Question 4

What portion of unused land did the Anglican Church receive for building churches and schools?

Answer 4

1/7

These lands were known as clergy reserves.

Question 5

What role did the Anglican bishop play in colonial councils?

Answer 5

Promote Anglicanism

This indicates the bishop’s influence in governance.

Question 6

What was the first education law in Lower Canada?

Answer 6

Royal Institution Act (1801)

It was viewed differently by various groups, some seeing it as anglicizing French Canadians.

Question 7

What event caused the War of 1812?

Answer 7

European Napoleonic wars and blockades affecting US and British trade

This context explains the geopolitical tensions of the time.

Question 8

Who declared war on Britain in the War of 1812?

Answer 8

US

This was part of the broader conflict involving Canada.

Question 9

Which group encouraged Canadians to support Britain during the War of 1812?

Answer 9

The Catholic Church

This reflects the Church’s influence on political matters.

Question 10

What was the outcome of the War of 1812?

Answer 10

Treaty of Ghent, no territorial changes

The treaty ended the war but did not alter boundaries.

Question 11

What shift occurred in British policy after the War of 1812 regarding First Nations?

Answer 11

Shifted to assimilate the FNP

This indicates a change in colonial attitudes towards Indigenous peoples.

Question 12

What happened to the North West Company in 1821?

Answer 12

Merged into the Hudson’s Bay Company

This merger created a fur trade monopoly.

Question 13

What infrastructure improvements were made due to the timber trade?

Answer 13

Roads, bridges, canals (Lachine Canal, 1825), railways (first in 1836)

These improvements facilitated economic growth.

Question 14

What was the impact of the timber trade on First Nations and Inuit?

Answer 14

Destroyed hunting lands and hurt FNP economy

This highlights the negative consequences of economic expansion on Indigenous peoples.

Question 15

What did the Corn Laws (1815) do?

Answer 15

Protected British wheat farmers by limiting imports of cheaper grain

This legislation affected agricultural trade dynamics.

Question 16

What grew in Lower Canada during the early 1800s?

Answer 16

Canadian Nationalism

Focused on protecting Catholic religion, French language, and French civil law

Question 17

What groups celebrated French Canadian identity in Lower Canada?

Answer 17

Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste

Formed to promote French Canadian culture and identity

Question 18

What type of nationalism grew with the arrival of Loyalists and British/Scottish immigrants?

Answer 18

British Nationalism

Supported British culture, language, and Protestant religion

Question 19

What did the Tories want regarding canal financing?

Answer 19

Canals for Upper and Lower Canada

Question 20

What did the Parti Canadien want regarding canal financing?

Answer 20

Canals only for Lower Canada

Question 21

What was the dispute over subsidies in Lower Canada about?

Answer 21

Control over subsidies to pay debts and fund projects

Question 22

Who was the leader of the Parti Patriote?

Answer 22

Louis-Joseph Papineau

Question 23

How did the positions of reformists differ from radicals in Lower Canada?

Answer 23

Reformists wanted change but kept ties with Britain; radicals wanted independence

Question 24

What methods did radicals use to raise awareness in Lower Canada?

Answer 24

Newspapers, assemblies, and protests

Question 25

What economic problems did Lower Canada face in the 1830s?

Answer 25

Poor wheat harvest, poverty, and epidemics

Question 26

What happened to seigneurial dues in Lower Canada?

Answer 26

Increased fees to landlords

Question 27

Who were the British reserving land in Eastern Townships for?

Answer 27

Immigrants only

Question 28

What action did the British take against political meetings in Lower Canada?

Answer 28

Used military to break up meetings

Question 29

What did Papineau urge to weaken the British economy?

Answer 29

Boycott of British goods

Question 30

What political ideology inspired the Parti Patriote?

Answer 30

Republicanism ## Footnote Questioned monarchy and pushed for more citizen participation

Question 31

What were the main demands of the 92 Resolutions?

Answer 31

* Elect legislative council (not appointed) * Assembly control governor’s budget * More Canadians in government * Protect French language and law * Responsible government (government accountable to assembly) ## Footnote The 92 Resolutions were proposed by the Parti Patriote in 1834 to address grievances against the British government.

Question 32

Who opposed the 92 Resolutions and what action did he take?

Answer 32

Governor Aylmer opposed and dissolved the assembly ## Footnote This action was taken in response to the demands put forth by the Parti Patriote.

Question 33

Who was the new governor sent by Britain to address the issues?

Answer 33

Lord Gosford ## Footnote His appointment aimed to resolve the ongoing tensions in the colony.

Question 34

What was the British Parliament's response to the 92 Resolutions?

Answer 34

Rejected all 92 resolutions ## Footnote This rejection further angered the Parti Patriote and escalated tensions.

Question 35

What measures did Governor Gosford take during the rebellions?

Answer 35

* Banned popular assemblies * Dissolved assembly after budget crisis ## Footnote These actions were meant to suppress the rebellion but led to further unrest.

Question 36

What were the names of the radical groups formed during the rebellions?

Answer 36

* Fils de la Liberté (Patriots' armed group) * Doric Club (Anglophone armed group against Patriots) ## Footnote These groups represented opposing sides in the conflict.

Question 37

What were the outcomes of the battles during the rebellions?

Answer 37

* Saint-Denis: Patriots won * Saint-Charles and Saint-Eustache: British won ## Footnote These battles showcased the conflict between the Patriots and British forces.

Question 38

How did the seigneurs react to the Parti Patriote?

Answer 38

Opposed Patriots due to loss of privileges ## Footnote The seigneurs were concerned about their status and power in society.

Question 39

What year was the Declaration of Independence declared in Lower Canada?

Answer 39

1838

Question 40

Who declared Lower Canada independent?

Answer 40

Robert Nelson and others

Question 41

What group did the Patriots form to prepare for more rebellion?

Answer 41

Frères Chasseurs

Question 42

What was the outcome for many Patriots after the rebellion?

Answer 42

Many were killed, jailed, or deported (to Australia)

Question 43

Who led the rebels in Upper Canada?

Answer 43

William Lyon Mackenzie

Question 44

What elite ruling group did the reformers oppose in Upper Canada?

Answer 44

The Family Compact

Question 45

Who investigated the causes of the rebellions in the Durham Report?

Answer 45

Lord Durham

Question 46

What did the Durham Report propose regarding government?

Answer 46

Responsible government to give assembly more power

Question 47

What was one of the proposals to unite Upper and Lower Canada?

Answer 47

Unite to make English majority in government

Question 48

What language did the Durham Report propose to make the official language?

Answer 48

English

Question 49

What was one of the proposals to weaken French influence in Canada?

Answer 49

Increase British immigration